Abstract
This chapter focuses on the process of negotiating family language policy (FLP) in face-to-face social interactions of bilingual English-Chinese families in Singapore. By observing and studying literacy events around daily homework routines, this chapter attempts to understand how FLP is established and realized in everyday interactional practices among family members. It further explores how parents, especially mothers, use different strategies deliberately or unintentionally to negotiate the ‘rules of speaking’ or ‘code of speaking’ in order to raise bilingual children in a multilingual society where English increasingly is gaining both political and social functions in public and private spheres. With focus on the micro-conversational sequences of homework talk, this study outlines the home linguistic environments that are either conducive or ineffective in language maintenance and bi/multilingual development in relation to the powerful macro sociopolitical forces. Through comparative analysis of three English-Chinese bilingual families, this study reveals the similarities and differences in the parental ideological positions as these are manifested in the parents’ various guiding strategies and different degrees of language control and involvement in their children homework sessions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Baker, C. 2011. Education for bilingualism and biliteracy. In Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism, ed. C. Baker, 222–252. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Blommaert, J. 2005. Discourse: Key topics in sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Caldas, S. 2012. Language policy in the family. In Cambridge handbook of language policy, ed. B. Spolsky, 351–373. Cambridge/UK: Cambridge University Press.
Canagarajah, S. 2008. Language shift and the family: Questions from the Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora. Journal of Sociolinguistics 12(2): 143–176.
Cashman, H.R. 2008. Conversation and interaction analysis. In The Blackwell guide to research methods in bilingualism and multilingualism, ed. Li Wei and M.G. Moyer, 296–310. Oxford: Blackwell.
Curdt-Christiansen, X.L. 2009. Visible and invisible language planning: Ideological factors in the family language policy of Chinese immigrant families in Quebec. Language Policy 8(4): 351–375.
Curdt-Christiansen, X.L. 2012. Private language management in Singapore: Which language to practice and how? In Communication and language, ed. A.S. Yeung, C.F.K. Lee, and E.L. Brown, 55–77. Scottsdale: Information Age Publishing.
Curdt-Christiansen, X.L. 2013. 潜移默化 – Implicit learning and imperceptible influence: Syncretic literacy of multilingual Chinese children. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy 13(3): 345–367.
CLCPRC (Chinese Language Curriculum and Pedagogy Review Committee). 2004. Report of the Chinese Language Curriculum and Pedagogy Review Committee. Singapore: Ministry of Education.
De Houwer, A. 2009. Bilingual first language acquisition. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Fogle, L.W. 2012. Second language socialization and learner agency: Adoptive family talk. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Folge, L.W. 2013. Parental ethnotheories and family language policy in transnational adoptive families. Language Policy 12(1): 83–102.
Gafaranga, J. 2010. Medium request: Talking language shift into being. Language in Society 39(2): 241–270.
Garrett, P.B. 2011. Language socialization and language shift. In The handbook of language socialization, ed. A. Duranti, E. Ochs, and B. Schieffelin, 515–535. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
Gumperz, J. 1982. Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
King, K.A., and L.W. Fogle. 2013. Family language policy and bilingual parenting. Language Teaching 46(2): 172–194.
King, K.A., L. Fogle, and A. Logan-Terry. 2008. Family language policy. Language and Linguistics Compass 2(5): 907–922.
Kopeliovich, S. 2013. Happylingual: A family project for enhancing and balancing multilingual development. In Successful family language policy: Parents, children and educators in interaction, Multilingual education, ed. M. Schwartz and A. Verschik. Dordrecht: Springer.
Lane, P. 2010. We did what we thought was best for our children: A nexus analysis of language shift in a Kvan community. International Journal of Social Language 202: 63–78.
Lanza, E. 2004. Language mixing in infant bilingualism: A sociolinguistic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lanza, E. 2007. Multilingualism in the family. In Handbook of multilingualism and multilingual communication, ed. Peter Auer and Li Wei, 45–67. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Li, W. 2005. “How can you tell?” Towards a common sense explanation of conversational code-switching. Journal of Pragmatics 37: 375–389.
Luykx, A. 2005. Children as socializing agents: Family language policy in situations of language shift. In Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on bilingualism, ed. J. Cohen et al., 1407–1414, 13(3): 345–367. Somerville: Cascadilla Press.
Matras, Y. 2000. Mixed languages: A functional-communicative approach. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 3(2): 79–99.
Myers-Scotton, C. 1993. Social motivations for code-switching. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
Myers-Scotten, C. 2002. Contact linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Okita, T. 2002. Invisible work: Bilingualism, language choice and childrearing in intermarried families. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Pavlenko, A. 2004. ‘Stop doing that, La Komu Skazala’: Language choice and emotions in parent–child communication. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 25(2 & 3): 179–203.
Piller, I. 2002. Bilingual couples talk: The discursive construction of hybridity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Rampton, B. 1998. Crossing: Language and ethnicity among adolescents. London/New York: Longman.
Rilley, K. 2011. Language socialization and language ideology. In The handbook of language socialization, ed. A. Duranti, E. Ochs, and B. Schieffelin, 493–514. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
Schwartz, M. 2008. Exploring the relationship between family language policy and heritage: Language knowledge among second generation Russian-Jewish immigrants in Israel. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 29: 400–418.
Schwartz, M. 2010. Family language policy: Core issues of an emerging field. Applied Linguistics Review 1(1): 171–192.
Schwartz, M., V. Moin, M. Leikin, and A. Breitkopf. 2010. Immigrants’ family language policy toward children’s preschool bilingual education: Parents’ perspective. International Multilingual Research Journal 4: 107–124.
Spolsky, B. 2009. Language management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Spolsky, B. 2012. Family language policy – The critical domain. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 33(1): 3–11.
Statistics Singapore. 2010. Census of population 2010. Retrieved March 17, 2010, from http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/popn/c2010asr/10A1.pdf.
Tannen, D., S. Kendall, and C. Gordon. 2007. Family talk: Discourse and identity in four American families. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
Tannenbaum, M. 2012. Family language policy as a form of coping or defence mechanism. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 33(1): 57–66.
Zhu, H. 2008. Duelling languages, duelling values. Codeswitching in bilingual intergenerational conflict talk in diasporic families. Journal of Pragmatics 40: 1799–1816.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Curdt-Christiansen, X.L. (2013). Negotiating Family Language Policy: Doing Homework. In: Schwartz, M., Verschik, A. (eds) Successful Family Language Policy. Multilingual Education, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7753-8_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7753-8_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-7752-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7753-8
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)