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Carbonic Anhydrase IX as an Imaging and Therapeutic Target for Tumors and Metastases

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Subcellular Biochemistry book series (SCBI, volume 75)

Abstract

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) which is a zinc containing metalloprotein, efficiently catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. It is constitutively up-regulated in several cancer types and has an important role in tumor progression, acidification and metastasis. High expression of CAIX generally correlates with poor prognosis and is related to a decrease in the disease-free interval following successful therapy. Therefore, it is considered as a prognostic indicator in oncology.

In this review, we describe CAIX regulation and its role in tumor hypoxia, acidification and metastasis. In addition, the molecular imaging of CAIX and its potential for use in cancer detection, diagnosis, staging, and for use in following therapy response is discussed. Both antibodies and small molecular weight compounds have been used for targeted imaging of CAIX expression. The use of CAIX expression as an attractive and promising candidate marker for systemic anticancer therapy is also discussed.

Keywords

Carbonic anhydrase IX Carbonic anhydrase XII Tumor hypoxia Imaging HIF-1 Acid-mediated invasion Cancer Antibody Small molecular probes Fluorescent sulfonamide 
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© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Cancer Imaging and MetabolismH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaUSA
  2. 2.Analytical Microscopy Core FacilityH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaUSA
  3. 3.Analytical Microscopy Core Facility and Department of Anatomic PathologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaUSA

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