Abstract
This chapter deals with the transition from primary cancerous tumors to metastatic tumor progression. Earlier theories suggested that tumor spread from the primary tumors starts with the intravasation of tumor cells that are carried to distant places of the organism by the blood circulation. The chapter describes a new tumor model named renal capsule – parathymic lymph node model where tumor spread starts with extravasation. The new model and provides evidence that in poorly vascularized primary tumors (liver, kidney) neoangiogenesis takes place at the outer part of the tumor and tumor is necrotized inside. Extravasated tumor cells enter the interstitial fluid and are expulsed along with blood cells into the abdominal cavity through the peripheral tumor disruptions. Intraperitoneally administered colloidal particles, among them tumor cells, blood cells, and colloidal carbon, traverse the diaphragm, are collected by the thoracal lymphatic vessels and enter the thoracal lymph nodes, primarily the parathymic lymph nodes as the first site of metastasis. The steps of the metastatic cascade have been deduced from the new tumor model.
Keywords
- Historical view
- Etiology of cancer
- Spread of tumor cells
- Metastatic views
- Multistep metastasis
- Complexity of metastasis
- Cancer models
- Syngenic model
- Xenograft model
- Renal capsule model
- Parathymic lymph nodes
- Mediastinal tumors
- Implantation of tumor cells
- Major steps of metastasis
- Lung cancer
- Breast cancer
- Breast cancer theories
- Liver cancer
- Brain cancer
- Kidney cancer
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Banfalvi, G. (2014). Metastasis. In: Homeostasis - Tumor - Metastasis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7335-6_5
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