Abstract
[1] And write unto the angel of the congregation of Sardis: [2] This saith he that hath the seven spirits of God [3] and the seven stars: [4] ‘I know thy works. [5] Thou hast a name that thou livest and thou art dead. [6] Wake and strength the things which remain [7] that are ready to die, [8] for I have not found thy works perfect before God. [9] Remember therefore how thou hast received and heard, [10] and hold fast and repent. [11] If thou shalt not watch, [12] I will come on thee as a thief, [13] and thou shalt not know what hour I will come upon thee. [14] Thou hast a few names in Sardis [15] which have not defiled their garments, [16] and they shall walk with me in white, for they are worthy. [17] He that overcometh shall be clothed in white array, [18] and I will not put out his name out of the book of life, [19] and I will confess his name before my father and before his angels. [20] Let him that hath ears hear what the Spirit saith unto the congregations’.
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Notes
- 1.
strength = strengthen.
- 2.
The antecedent of ‘her’ (and subsequent feminine pronouns) is the church of Sardis.
- 3.
at] 1545; of 1548.
- 4.
The antecedent of ‘their’ are the ‘faith and spirit’ from the previous sentence.
- 5.
Although Bale cites Num 25 here, the mercenary prophet’s deceit is narrated in Chap. 31 of that book.
- 6.
will] 1545; om. 1548.
- 7.
‘Gloze’ in its various forms, common in the Image, suggests not just the equivalent of ‘gloss’, but a deceitful or flattering interpretation (see OED n. 2).
- 8.
towards = in favour of; favourable to (OED 3c).
- 9.
Wherefore = on account of or because of which (OED 4) – the usual sense for Bale.
- 10.
This (the clothing and making innocent) is the first benefit; Bale lists the second two under #18 and #19.
- 11.
8] Christmas; placed after ‘word’ 1550(W), 1570; om. 1545, 1548, 1550. Christmas’ placement better reflects the content of the paraphrase.
- 12.
The sense of the passage (‘Behold…Satan’) is that God will give some of these members of Satan’s congregation to the congregation of Philadelphia. Thus there is an understood ‘to you’ after ‘give’.
- 13.
I will make them that they shall = I will force them to.
- 14.
beautiful] 1545, 1550, 1550(W), 1570; be wytfull 1548; to be witful Christmas.
- 15.
certain = a certain portion? Christmas omits the ‘a’ before ‘certain’, but the adverbial sense does not work here.
- 16.
commodity = advantage, benefit.
- 17.
shalt] 1545, 1570, Christmas; hast 1548, 1550.
- 18.
merits = good works viewed as entitling a person to reward from God (OED n. 4a).
- 19.
supererogation = the performance of good works beyond what God commands or requires (OED).
- 20.
Woe] 1545, 1548, 1570; who 1550, Christmas.
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Minton, G.E. (2013). The Third Chapter. In: Minton, G. (eds) John Bale’s 'The Image of Both Churches'. Studies in Early Modern Religious Tradition, Culture and Society, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7296-0_5
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