Abstract
Parts of the Norwegian roads and railway network are located in areas dominated by sensitive clays. Several new projects are facing challenges in areas with deposits of sensitive clay. The design codes and guidelines of the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) and the Norwegian National Railways Administration (NNRA) have been developed over many years with respect to ground investigations and safety requirements. These regulations are specific for road and railway construction. In addition there are general design codes like the Norwegian Standards, and the regulations established by the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) concerning the safety of larger areas adjacent to e.g. roads and railways. This paper points out the manner in which the regulations impose an increased attention to safety when sensitive clay is encountered. The need for further development of the regulations, based on recent studies and research, is also described.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bishop AW, Morgenstern NR (1960) Stability coefficients for earth slopes. Geotechnique 10(4):129–150
Fauskerud OA, Athanasiu C, Havnegjerde CR et al (2012) Use of anisotropy factors in stability calculations for brittle clay slopes. NIFS report nr 75. Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. ISBN:978-82-410-0863-4
Janbu N (1973) Slope stability computations. In: Hirschfeld RC, Poulos SJ (eds) The embankment dam engineering, casagrande volume. Wiley, New York, pp 47–86
Janbu N, Nestvold J, Røe Ø et al (1993) Leirras – årsaksforhold og rasutvikling. Særtrykk fra Verdalsboka Ras i Verdal, bind B (Clay slides, causes and development. Offprint from the book “Verdalsboka Ras i Verdal, bind B”). Verdal kommune. ISBN:8-9909500-8-5 (in Norwegian)
Jostad HP, Fornes P, Thakur V (2013) Effect of strain-softening in design of fills in gently inclined areas with soft sensitive clays. In: First international workshop on landslide in sensitive clays, Quebec
Karlsrud K, Aas G, Gregersen O (1985) Can we predict landslide hazards in soft sensitive clays? Summary of Norwegian practice and experiences. NGI Publication No. 158. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute. ISBN:82-546-0119-4
Mitchell RJ, Markell AR (1974) Flow slides in sensitive soils. Can Geotech J 11(1):11–31
NIFS (2012) Program plan 2012–2015 for etatsprogrammet: Natural Hazards – Infrastructure for flood and (in Norwegian). Published by Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Olso. ISSN:1501–2832. Available at www.naturfare.no
NNRA (2013) Regulations for design of railway construction (in Norwegian). Published by Norwegian National Rail Administration, Oslo. Available at https://trv.jbv.no
NPRA (2010) Guidelines for geotechnical engineering in road constructions‐ Handbook 016. (in Norwegian). Published by Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Oslo. Available at http://www.vegvesen.no/Fag/Publikasjoner/Handboker
NS (1979) Sikkerhetsprinsipper I geoteknikk. Veiledning for bruk av grensetilstandsmetoden (in Norwegian). Published by Norges Byggstandardiseringsråd, Oslo
NVE (2011) Flaum‐ og skredfare i arealplanar‐Regulation No. 2/2011. (in Norwegian). Published by Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Oslo. ISSN:1501–9810
Thakur V, Degago SA (2012) Quickness of sensitive clays. Géotech Lett 2(3):87–95
Thakur V, Degago SA (2013) Disintegration energy of sensitive clays. Géotechn Lett 3:20–25. doi 10.1680/geolett.12.00062
Thakur V, Oset F, Aabøe R et al (2012) A critical appraisal of the definition of Brittle clays (Sprøbruddmateriale). In: Proceedings of the 16th Nordic geotechnical meeting, Copenhagen, 9–12 May 2012, vol 1, pp 451–462
Thakur V, Degago SA, Oset F et al (2013) Characterisation of post-failure movements of landslides in soft sensitive clays. In: First international workshop on landslide in sensitive clay, Quebec
Tørum E, Christensen S, Narjord H et al (2012) Likestilling mellom bruk av absolutt materialfaktor og prosentvis forbedring? SINTEF/Multiconsult Report SBF2012A0309. Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. ISBN:978-82-410-0860-3
Acknowledgements
The cooperative research program «Natural hazards: Infrastructure for Floods and Slides (NIFS)» by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration, the Norwegian National Rail Administration and the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate is acknowledged for the support. The authors also wish to express their gratitude to the reviewer Arnstein Watn for his valuable comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Oset, F. et al. (2014). Regulatory Framework for Road and Railway Construction on the Sensitive Clays of Norway. In: L'Heureux, JS., Locat, A., Leroueil, S., Demers, D., Locat, J. (eds) Landslides in Sensitive Clays. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, vol 36. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7079-9_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7079-9_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-7078-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7079-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)