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Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco)

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Forest Tree Breeding in Europe

Part of the book series: Managing Forest Ecosystems ((MAFE,volume 25))

Abstract

Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is native to the Pacific coast range and along the Rocky Mountains through Canada and USA. In the early 19th nineteenth century, it was introduced to Western Europe, where nowadays it covers almost 800,000 ha. Despite this considerable extent, the relatively recent introduction to Europe means this exotic species is still a minor forest species for several European countries. This status may be revised notably in the context of climate change, considering the high adaptability potential of the species.

In terms of breeding, most investments have been made in western European countries, of which the principal ones in terms of breeding efforts are: France, Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, Spain and the Netherlands. These breeding programmes share some common groups of provenances and progenies, which could justify co-operation in breeding efforts among some of these countries across the EU, for instance by delineating breeding zones defined at ecological bases (climate; soil) across countries.

In this monograph we would like to present some key details relating to past and present Douglas fir breeding over 12 European countries that were involved in the TreeBreedex project, and we compiled further statistics on existing varieties over a total of 15 EU countries. This monograph concludes by introducing some elements of discussion on the possibilities of joint breeding efforts at European level.

With contributions from:

Elodie Bay (BE-WA), Władysław Chałupka (PL), Sven De Vries (NL), Fulvio Duci (IT), Jon K. Hansen (DK), Berthold Heinze (AT), Bo Karlsson (SE), Jan Kowalczyk (PL), Doris Krabel (DE), Steve Lee (GB), Esther Merlo (SP), Gheorghe Pârnuţă (RO), Hans-Martin Rau (DE), David Thompson (IE), Heino Wolf (DE).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    IUFRO: International Union of Forest Research Organizations.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forest Tree Breeding and Physiology Unit, INRA, Centre Val de Loire, 2163 Avenue de la Pomme de Pin, CS 40001, 45075, Ardon, Orléans, Cedex 2, France

    Jean-Charles Bastien & Leopoldo Sanchez

  2. FCBA – Délégation territoriale Centre-Ouest – Domaine des Vaseix, 87430 Verneuil sur, Vienne, France

    Daniel Michaud

Authors
  1. Jean-Charles Bastien
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  2. Leopoldo Sanchez
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  3. Daniel Michaud
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jean-Charles Bastien .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Unité AGPF, INRA, Avenue de la Pomme de Pin 2163, Orléans, 45075, France

    Luc E Pâques

Appendices

Annexe 7.1 Natural Distribution of Douglas Fir

figure 0007a

Coastal form (var. viridis), Interior form (var. glauca). Hybrid (var caesia)

Annexe 7.2 Location in Europe of Joint Douglas Fir Progeny Tests

Annexe 7.3 Community List of Approved Douglas Fir Seed Orchards Basic Material for the Production of Forest Reproductive Material, Based on the National Lists (Updated 2007) as Supplied by the Member States According to Article 10(2) of Council Directive 1999/105/EC

Member State

Category (3  =  qualified; 4  =  tested)

Region of provenance and/or national register reference of basic material

Location name or approved name

Latitude degrees. minutes N

Longitude degrees. minutes E/W

Altitude (m)

Area (ha)

Origin (1  =  autocht., 2  =  non autocht., 3  =  unknown)

Origin for non-autochthonous/non-indigenous basic material

Remarks

AU

3

P1 Säusenstein

ÖBf – Säusenstein

48.11

15.07E

295

3

2,2

Unknown

62 clones

State ownership

BE

3

2WB0521

ROCHEFORT I

50.10

5.10E

230

1.30

2

Unknown

Governmental

BE

3

2WB0522

GRAIDE

49.57

5.05E

415

1.00

2

Unknown

Governmental

BE

3

2WB0552

FENFFE

50.11

5.05E

200

7.80

2

Unknown

Governmental

BE

3

0VB0503

HALLE

50.43

4.18E

90

1.50

2

NA

Governmental

CZ

3

10

CZ-3-3-DG – 19-10-4-J

49.19

15.06E

610

1

   

CZ

3

10

CZ-3-3-DG – 11-10-4-M

49.43

17.06E

300

1

   

CZ

3

10

CZ-3-3-DG – 12-10-4-S

49.38

14.51E

530

1.26

   

CZ

3

26

CZ-3-3-DG – 69-26-3-S

   

1.24

   

DE

3

00

 

51.28

9.29E

270– 295

3.5

2

Verschiedene Herkunftsgebiete

Hessen – Dgl-West- und Südd.Mittelgebirgsl. im FA Gahrenberg

DE

3

02

Nordostdeutsches Tiefland außer Schleswig-Holstein

53.28

11.52E

50

2.3

2

 

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

DE

3

03

Mittel- und Ostdeutsches Tief- und Hügelland

52.51

13.53E

35

2.3

2

 

Brandenburg

DE

3

04

West- und Süddeutsches Hügel- und Bergland sowie Alpen, kolline Stufe bis 400 m bzw. im Wuchsgebiet Nordeifel bis 500 m

   

10

2

Ausgewählte Plusbäume aus Niedersachsen, NRW, Rheinland-Pfalz

Niedersachsen

DE

3

04

West- und Süddeutsches Hügel- und Bergland sowie Alpen, kolline Stufe bis 400 m bzw. im Wuchsgebiet Nordeifel bis 500 m

   

2.76

2

Verschiedene FoÄ aus Schleswig-Holstein, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz

Niedersachsen

DE

3

04

West- und Süddeutsches Hügel- und Bergland sowie Alpen, kolline Stufe bis 400 m bzw. im Wuchsgebiet Nordeifel bis 500 m

49.12

9.19E

230

4.5

2

Nordamerika

Baden-Württemberg – Neuenstadt

DE

3

05

West- und Süddeutsches Hügel- und Bergland sowie Alpen, montane Stufe über 400 m bzw. im Wuchsgebiet Nordeifel über 500 m

  

55

3

2

 

Nordrhein-Westfalen

DE

4

01

Nordwestdeutsches Tiefland mit Schleswig-Holstein

   

2.8

2

 

Niedersachsen

DE

4

04

West- und Süddeutsches Hügel- und Bergland sowie Alpen, kolline Stufe bis 400 m bzw. im Wuchsgebiet Nordeifel bis 500 m

49.50

8

280–310

2.6

2

 

Rheinland-Pfalz

FR

4

PME-VG-001

Darrington-VG

44.63

1.32E

300

14

2

Washington, US seed zone 403, latitude 48.25N and longitude 121.58W

70 clones

Lavercantière (46)

State ownership

FR

4

PME-VG-002

La Luzette-VG

44.92

2.05E

750–765

34

2

Indigenous stands of British Columbia (5 clones), Washington (247 clones), Oregon (3 clones), others US States (29 clones) and non-indigenous French stands (57 clones – unknown origin)

340 clones

Sousceyrac (46)

State ownership

FR

3

PME-VG-003

Washington-VG

43.85

1.82E

190–230

8

2

97 provenances located in west of Washington State

252 clones

Lisle-sur-Tarn (81)

State ownership

FR

3

PME-VG-004

France1-VG

44.92

2.05E

635

6.48

2

Non-indigenous French provenances (progenies of plus trees selected in 24 French selected stands)

139 clones

Calviac (46)

State ownership

FR

3

PME-VG-005

France2-VG

47.37

1.21E

300

5.1

2

Non-indigenous French provenances (progenies of plus trees selected in 24 French selected stands)

138 clones

Vayrières (46)

State ownership

FR

3

PME-VG-006

Washington2-VG

43.56

45 27 E

200

7.6

2

250 IUFRO progenies from Washington State

106 clones

Lisle-sur-Tarn (81)

State ownership

FR

3

PME-VG-007

Californie

44.35

1.22E

300

5.54

2

14 provenances planted in 4 tests in French Mediterranean area

116 clones

Haute-Serre (46)

State ownership

FR

3

PME-VG-008

France3-VG

44.54

2.04E

605

9.9

2

Non-indigenous French provenances (progenies of plus trees selected in 24 French selected stands)

150 clones

Le Theil (46)

State ownership

HU

3

SMV-22-951004

Komlóska 1C

48.23

21.28E

400

0.9

2

Unknown

 

IE

3

PME.21

New Ross

52.22

6.59W

25

5.4

2

Unknown

 

NL

3

Couze (France) NL.ZQ.Couze

Couze

44.49

0.43E

 

7

2

Non-indigenous Dutch provenances

39 clones

NL

3

Hulten-01 NL.ZQ.3.2.06-01

SBB

51.34

4.57E

 

6

2

Non-indigenous Dutch provenances

37 clones

Beh. eenh. Breda Locatie Dorst

76 b

NL

3

Vaals-01 NL.ZQ.3.6.04-01

SBB

50.46

5.57E

250

2

2

Non-indigenous Dutch provenances

45 clones

Beh. eenh. Gerendal

63

PL

3

305

Rytel

53.44

17.44E

 

1.25

2

Unknown

Clonal S.O.

State ownership

PL

3

355

Gniewkowo

52.56

18.23E

 

2.8

2

Unknown

Clonal S.O.

State ownership

PL

3

354

Łopuchówko

52.34

17.06E

 

7.33

2

Unknown

Clonal S.O.

State ownership

PL

3

661

Leżajsk

50.14

22.22E

 

4.22

2

Unknown

Clonal S.O.

State ownership

PL

3

155

Warcino

54.15

16.50E

 

6.3

2

Unknown

Clonal S.O.

State ownership

PL

3

651

Sieradz

51.39

18.45E

 

5.76

2

Unknown

Clonal S.O.

State ownership

PL

3

304

Lutówko

53.28

17.25E

 

4.02

2

Unknown

Clonal S.O.

State ownership

PL

3

655

Siewierz

50.27

19.10E

306

5.93

2

Unknown

Clonal S.O.

State ownership

PL

3

154

Bierzwnik

53.04

15.43E

 

6.86

2

Unknown

Seedling S.O.

State ownership

PL

3

155

Trzebielino

54.13N

17.03E

 

8.1

2

Unknown

Seedling S.O.

State ownership

PL

3

354

Łopuchówko

52.34N

17.06E

 

7.6

2

Unknown

Seedling S.O.

State ownership

PL

3

151

Nowogard

53.41N

15.14E

 

6.14

2

Unknown

Seedling S.O.

State ownership

PL

3

108

Wejherowo

54.40 N

18.07E

 

4.2

2

Unknown

Seedling S.O.

State ownership

RO

3

PLpgl79X01

Perisor

44.02

23.14E

63

7.5

2

Unknown

43 clones Ps. menziesii var glauca

State ownership

RO

3

PLpme68X02

Fântânele

46.38

26.44E

320

2.5

2

Unknown

26 clones Ps. menziesii var viridis

State ownership

RO

3

PLpme69X01

Săcueni

47.20

22.09E

168

9.4

2

Unknown

66 clones Ps. menziesii var viridis

State ownership

RO

3

PLpme69X02

Rupea

46.01

25.15E

513

0.7

2

Unknown

22 clones Ps. menziesii var viridis

State ownership

RO

3

PLpme68X01

Anina

45.05

21.53E

708

6

2

Unknown

74 clones Ps. menziesii var viridis

State ownership

RO

3

PLpme78X01

Baciu

46.48

23.30E

571

9.5

2

Unknown

87 clones Ps. menziesii var viridis

State ownership

SP

3

HSQ-34-001

Lourizán

42.24

08.39W

60

0.1

2

22 provenances that have clearly better performance on at least one site in northern Spain provenance trial

Clonal S.O.

State ownership

SP

3

HSQ-34-002

San Breixo

43.08

07.47W

488–497

2.5

2

Non-indigenous Spanish stands; unknown origin

56 clones

State ownership

UK

3

pmeOR4QU

Forest of Dean FD (Chepstow)

51.43

2.36W

110

1

2

Unknown

Seedling S.O.

State ownership

  1. Member State:
  2. AU Austria, BE Belgium, CZ Czech Republic, DE Germany, FR France, IE Ireland, HU Hungary,   NL The Netherlands, PL Poland, RO Romania, SP Spain, UK United Kingdom

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© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Bastien, JC., Sanchez, L., Michaud, D. (2013). Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). In: Pâques, L. (eds) Forest Tree Breeding in Europe. Managing Forest Ecosystems, vol 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6146-9_7

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