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Machines of Destruction – AAA+ Proteases and the Adaptors That Control Them

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Regulated Proteolysis in Microorganisms

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 66))

Abstract

Bacteria are frequently exposed to changes in environmental conditions, such as fluctuations in temperature, pH or the availability of nutrients. These assaults can be detrimental to cell as they often result in a proteotoxic stress, which can cause the accumulation of unfolded proteins. In order to restore a productive folding environment in the cell, bacteria have evolved a network of proteins, known as the protein quality control (PQC) network, which is composed of both chaperones and AAA+ proteases. These AAA+ proteases form a major part of this PQC network, as they are responsible for the removal of unwanted and damaged proteins. They also play an important role in the turnover of specific regulatory or tagged proteins. In this review, we describe the general features of an AAA+ protease, and using two of the best-characterised AAA+ proteases in Escherichia coli (ClpAP and ClpXP) as a model for all AAA+ proteases, we provide a detailed mechanistic description of how these machines work. Specifically, the review examines the physiological role of these machines, as well as the substrates and the adaptor proteins that modulate their substrate specificity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Life Sciences Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel

    Eyal Gur

  2. The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel

    Eyal Gur

  3. Department for Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Australia

    Ralf Ottofueling & David A. Dougan

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  1. Eyal Gur
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  2. Ralf Ottofueling
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  3. David A. Dougan
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Correspondence to Eyal Gur or David A. Dougan .

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  1. , Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Plenty Rd, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia

    David A. Dougan

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Gur, E., Ottofueling, R., Dougan, D.A. (2013). Machines of Destruction – AAA+ Proteases and the Adaptors That Control Them. In: Dougan, D. (eds) Regulated Proteolysis in Microorganisms. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 66. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5940-4_1

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