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Satellite-Based Ocean Surface Turbulent Fluxes

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Abstract

Ocean surface turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat, and water vapor respond to and determine the coupling between the atmosphere and the ocean and are excellent indicators of air–sea interactions at most temporal and spatial scales. These fluxes can be determined from bulk properties at the sea surface. By combining satellite observations of bulk properties such as sea surface temperature, wind, and humidity, estimates of these fluxes are available globally. The bulk aerodynamic formulations of these fluxes are first reviewed. Satellite retrieval techniques of these bulk properties and operational or semi-operational ocean surface flux products such as the Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Observations (HOAPS), the Japanese Oceanic Fluxes with the Use of Remote Observations (J-OFURO), and the US NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Satellite-Based Sea Surface Turbulent Fluxes (GSSTF), as well as merged approach of the Objectively Analyzed Air–Sea Fluxes for the global ocean (OAFlux) are described, and their error and uncertainties are briefly discussed.

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Abbreviations

AATSR:

Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer

ADEOS:

Advanced Earth Observing Satellite

ADEOS-2:

Advanced Earth Observing Satellite 2

AIRS:

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder

AMSR-E:

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System

AMSU:

Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit

ASCAT:

Advanced Scatterometer

AVHRR:

Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CFSR:

Climate Forecast System Reanalysis

COARE:

Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment

DMSP:

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program

DOE:

Department of Energy

ECMWF:

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts

EIA:

Earth incidence angle

ERA-40:

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts’ 40-year reanalysis

ERS-1:

Earth Resource Satellite 1

ERS-2:

Earth Resource Satellite 2

FGGE:

First Global Atmospheric Research Program Global Experiment

GARP:

Global Atmospheric Research Experiment

GES:

DISC Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center

GOES:

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GSSTF:

Goddard Space Flight Center Satellite-based Sea surface Turbulent Fluxes

HOAPS:

Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and fluxes from Satellite observations

JMA:

Japanese Meteorological Agency

J-OFURO:

Japanese Oceanic Fluxes with the Use of Remote Observations

JRA-25:

Japanese 25-year ReAnalysis

LHF:

Latent heat flux

MERRA:

Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications

MGDSST:

Merged satellite and in-situ data Global Daily SST

MODIS:

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

NASA:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NCAR:

National Center for Atmospheric Research

NCEP:

National Centers for Environmental Prediction

NSCAT:

NASA Scatterometer

OAFlux:

Objectively Analyzed Air-sea Fluxes

QuikSCAT:

Quick Scatterometer

SAR:

Synthetic Aperture Radars

SASS:

Seasat-A Scatterometer System

SHF:

Sensible heat flux

SMMR:

Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer

SSM/I:

Special Sensor Microwave Imager

SSMIS:

Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder

SST:

Sea surface temperature

TMI:

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager

TRMM:

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

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Acknowledgments

This study is supported by the MEaSUREs Program of NASA Science Mission Directorate – Earth Science Division.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA

    Long S. Chiu & Si Gao

  2. Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA

    Chung-Lin Shie

  3. Code 612.0, Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA

    Chung-Lin Shie

Authors
  1. Long S. Chiu
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  2. Si Gao
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Correspondence to Long S. Chiu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Environmental Science and Technology, George Mason University, Fairfax, 22030, USA

    John Qu

  2. Administration, NOAA/NESDIS, Center for Satellite Application and Res, National Oceanic & Atmospheric, Auth Road 5200, Camp Springs, 20746, Maryland, USA

    Alfred Powell

  3. , Climate and Water Programme, World Meteorological Organization, 7bis, Avenue de la Paix, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland

    M.V.K. Sivakumar

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Chiu, L.S., Gao, S., Shie, CL. (2013). Satellite-Based Ocean Surface Turbulent Fluxes. In: Qu, J., Powell, A., Sivakumar, M. (eds) Satellite-based Applications on Climate Change. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5872-8_11

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