Abstract
Ocean heat is increasing, especially in the upper 700 m and sea level is rising worldwide. A worldwide rise in sea level is known as a eustatic sea level rise. Factors affecting climate are complex but El Niño and La Niña are well established. Together they form the ENSO, or El Niño (and La Niña) Southern Oscillation in the equatorial Pacific that affects weather worldwide. Wetlands are an important ecosystem and many are being lost as a result primarily of sea level rise but because of other activities and influences by humankind as well.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsAdditional Readings
Church, J. A., et al. (2011). Revisiting the Earth’s sea-level and energy budgets from 1961 to 2008. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L18601, 8 pp. doi:10.1029/2011GL048794.
Levitus, S. (2000). Warming of the World Ocean. Science, 287, 2225–2229. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2225.
Lindsey, R. (2008). Correcting ocean cooling. NASA Earth observatory. Accessed 02 Feb 2011.
Meehl, G. A., et al. (2011). Model-based evidence of deep-ocean heat uptake during surface-temperature hiatus periods. Nature Climate Change, 1(2011), 360–364. doi:10.1038/nclimate1229.
Palmer, M. D., et al. (2011). Importance of the deep ocean for estimating decadal changes in Earth’s radiation balance. Geophysical Research Letters, 38. doi:10.1029/2011GL047835.
Philander, S. G. H. (1990). El Niño, La Niña and the Southern Oscillation (289 pp). San Diego: Academic.
Scott, M. (2006). Earth’s big heat bucket. NASA Earth observatory. Accessed 02 Feb 2011.
von Schuckmann, K., Gaillard, F., & Le Traon, P. (2009). Global hydrographic variability patterns during 2003–2008. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114. doi:10.1029/2008JC005237.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Farmer, G.T., Cook, J. (2013). Ocean Heat Content and Rising Sea Level. In: Climate Change Science: A Modern Synthesis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5757-8_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5757-8_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-5756-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-5757-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)