Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Integrating the Diverse Definitions of Happiness: A Time-Sequential Framework of Subjective Well-Being

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover The Exploration of Happiness

Part of the book series: Happiness Studies Book Series ((HAPS))

Abstract

The field of subjective well-being (SWB) is primarily concerned with people’s evaluation of their lives; however, it includes a wide range of concepts, from momentary moods to global life satisfaction judgments. We propose a framework that integrates these diverse constructs. Our sequential temporal framework of subjective well-being describes experiences of well-being from the events and circumstances that cause evaluative reactions, through the emotional reactions to these events, to recall of these reactions, and finally to global judgments of well-being based on the previous stages. The hypothesized processes that translate the various steps in the sequence into one another are described, and supporting evidence is reviewed. We outline the implications of our framework for understanding subjective well-being, and discuss the research that is needed to further explore the proposed framework.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    It might be, however, that there is a universal tendency to weight negative events more heavily than positive ones, based on the idea that negative information in general is more salient than positive information (Ito and Cacioppo 1999; Rozin and Royzman 2001). Future research is needed to better understand this tendency and its relevance to SWB.

References

  • Andrews FM, Withey SB (1976) Social indicators of well-being: America’s perception of life quality. Plenum Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Balatsky G, Diener E (1993) Subjective well-being among Russian students. Soc Indic Res 28:225–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baltes PB, Mayer KU (1999) The Berlin aging study: aging from 70–100. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Biswas-Diener R, Diener E (2001) Making the best of a bad situation: satisfaction in the slums of Calcutta. Soc Indic Res 55:329–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradburn NM (1969) The structure of psychological well-being. Aldine, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Brickman P, Campbell DT (1971) Hedonic relativism and planning the good society. In: Appley MH (ed) Adaptation level theory: a symposium. Academic, New York, pp 287–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Brickman P, Coates D, Janoff-Bulman R (1978) Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative? J Pers Soc Psychol 36:917–927

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brief AP, Weiss H (2002) Organizational behavior: affect in the workplace. Annu Rev Psychol 53:279–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan GM, Seligman MEP (eds) (1995) Explanatory style. Erlbaum, Hillsdale

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacioppo J, Berntson G, Sheridan J, McClintock M (2000) Multilevel integrative analyses of human behavior: social neuroscience and the complementing nature of social and biological approaches. Psychol Bull 126:829–843

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell A, Converse PE, Rodgers W (1976) The quality of American life. Russell Sage, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Canli T, Zhao Z, Kang E, Gross J, Desmond JE, Gabrieli JDE (2001) An fMRI study of personality influences on brain reactivity to emotional stimuli. Behav Neurosci 115:33–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantor N, Sanderson CA (1999) Life task participation and well-being: the importance of taking part in daily life. In: Kahneman D, Diener E, Schwarz N (eds) Well-being: the foundations of hedonic psychology. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp 230–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Christianson SA (1992) Remembering emotional events: potential mechanisms. In: Christianson SA (ed) The handbook of emotion and memory: research and theory. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 307–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen D, Vandello J, Rantilla AK (1998) The sacred and the social: Cultures of honor and violence. In: Gilbert P, Andrews B (eds) Shame: interpersonal behavior, psychopathology, and culture. Series in affective science, Oxford University Press, New York, pp 261–282

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford-Solberg E, Diener E, Wirtz D, Lucas RE, Oishi S (2002) Wanting, having, and satisfaction: examining the role of desire discrepancies in satisfaction with income. J Pers Soc Psychol 83:725–734

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Csikszentmihalyi M, Larsen R (1978) Intrinsic rewards in school crime. Crime Delinquency 214:322–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danner DD, Snowdon DA, Friesen WV (2001) Positive emotions in early life and longevity: findings from the nun study. J Pers Soc Psychol 80:804–813

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dermer M, Cohen SJ, Jacobsen E, Anderson RA (1979) Evaluative judgments of aspects of life as a function for vicarious exposure to hedonic extremes. J Pers Soc Psychol 37:247–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener E (1984) Subjective well-being. Psychol Bull 95:542–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener E, Biswas-Diener R (2002) Will money increase subjective well-being: a literature review and guide to needed research. Soc Indic Res 57:119–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener E, Diener C (1995) The wealth of nations revisited: income and quality of life. Soc Indic Res 36:275–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener E, Fujita F (1995) Resources, personal strivings, and subjective well-being: a nomothetic and idiographic approach. J Pers Soc Psychol 68:926–935

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener E, Larsen RJ (1984) Temporal stability and cross-situational consistence of affective, behavioral, and cognitive responses. J Pers Soc Psychol 47:871–883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener E, Larsen RJ, Emmons RA (1984) Bias in mood recall in happy and unhappy persons. Paper Presented at the 92nd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener E, Lucas RE (1999) Personality and subjective well-being. In: Kahneman D, Diener E, Schwarz N (eds) Well-being: the foundations of Hedonic psychology. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp 213–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener E, Lucas RE, Oishi S, Suh EM (2002a) Looking up and down: weighting good and bad information in life satisfaction judgments. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 28:437–445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener E, Nickerson C, Lucas RE, Sandvik E (2002b) Dispositional affect and job outcomes. Soc Indic Res 59:229–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener E, Oishi S, Lucas RE (2003) Personality, culture and subjective well-being: emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annu Rev Psychol 59:229–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener E, Scollon CK, Oishi S, Dzokoto V, Suh EM (2000) Positivity and the construction of life satisfaction judgments: global happiness is not the sum of its parts. J Happiness Stud 1:159–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener E, Suh E (1997) Measuring quality of life: economic social, and subjective indicators. Soc Indic Res 40:189–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eid M, Diener E Global judgments of subjective well-being: situational variability and long-term stability. In: Zumbo B (ed) Social indicators/quality of life research methods: methodological issues and developments, Kluwer, Dordrecht (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliot AJ, Thrash TM (2002) Approach-avoidance maturation in personality: approach and avoidance temperament and goals. J Pers Soc Psychol 82:804–818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliot AJ, Chirkov VI, Kim Y, Sheldon KM (2001) A cross-cultural analysis of avoidance (relative to approach) personal goals. Psychol Sci 12:505–510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emmons RA (1986) Personal strivings: an approach to personality and subjective well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol 51:1058–1068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emmons RA, Diener E (1985) Factors predicting satisfaction judgments: a comparative examination. Soc Indic Res 16:157–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman Barrett L (1997) The relationships among momentary emotion experiences, personality descriptions, and retrospective ratings of emotion. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 23:1100–1110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleeson W (2001) Toward a structure- and process-integrated view of personality: traits as density distributions of states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80, pp 1011–1027 American Psychological Assn, US

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleeson W, Malanos AB, Achille NM (2002) An intraindividual process approach to the relationship between extraversion and positive affect: is acting extraverted as good as being extraverted? J Pers Soc Psychol 83:1409–1422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson BL (1998) What good are positive emotions? Rev Gen Psychol 2:300–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frijda N (1993) Moods, emotion episodes, and emotions. In: Lewis M, Haviland JM (eds) Handbook of emotions. Guilford Press, New York, pp 381–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Frisch MB, Cornell J, Villanueva M, Retzlaff PJ (1992) Clinical validation of the quality of life inventory. A measure of life satisfaction for use in treatment planning and outcome assessment. Psychol Assess 4:92–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita FD (1991) An investigation of the relationship between extraversion, neuroticism, positive affect, and negative affect. Unpublished Master’s thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

    Google Scholar 

  • Harker L, Keltner D (2001) Expressions of positive emotion in women’s college yearbook pictures and their relationship to personality and life outcomes across adulthood. J Pers Soc Psychol 80:112–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harter JK, Schmidt FL, Hayes TL (2002) Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: a meta-analysis. J Appl Psychol 87:268–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Headey B, Wearing A (1989) Personality, life events, and subjective well-being: toward a dynamic equilibrium model. J Pers Soc Psychol 57:731–739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heine SJ, Lehman D, Peng K, Greenholtz J (2002) What’s wrong with cross-cultural comparisons of subjective Likert scales? The reference-group effect. J Pers Soc Psychol 82:903–918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ito TA, Cacioppo JT (1999) The psychophysiology of utility appraisals. In: Kahneman D, Diener E, Schwarz N (eds) Well-being: the foundations of hedonic psychology. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp 453–469

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson B, Sellers RM, Peterson C (2002) Pessimistic explanatory style moderates the effect of stress on physical illness. Pers Individ Differ 32:567–573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James W (1884) What is an emotion? Mind 4:188–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jocklin V, McGue M, Lykken DT (1996) Personality and divorce: a genetic analysis. J Pers Soc Psychol 71:288–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman D (1999) Objective happiness. In: Kahneman D, Diener E, Schwarz N (eds) Well-being: the foundations of hedonic psychology. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp 3–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Keltner D, Kring AM, Bonanno GA (1999) Fleeting signs of the course of life: facial expression and personal adjustment. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 8:18–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kernis MH, Whisenhunt CR, Waschull SB, Greenier KD, Keegan D, Berry AJ, Herlocker CE, Anderson CA (1998) Multiple facets of self-esteem and their relations to depressive symptoms. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 24:657–668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King LA, Scollon CK, Ramsey C, Williams T (2000) Stories of life transition: subjective well-being and ego development in parents of children with down syndrome. J Res Pers 34:509–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Honkanen R, Koskenvuo M, Viinamaki H, Kaprio J (2002) Life dissatisfaction as a predictor of fatal injury in a 20 year follow-up. Acta Psychiatr Scand 105:444–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Honkanen R, Viinamaki H, Heikkila K, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M (2001) Life satisfaction and suicide: a 20-year follow-up study. Am J Psychiatry 158:433–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert EG, Hogan NL, Barton SM (2001) The impact of job satisfaction on turnover intent: a test of a structural measurement model using a national sample of workers. Soc Sci J 38:233–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen RJ, Diener E (1987) Affect intensity as an individual difference characteristic: a review. J Res Pers 21:1–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen RJ, Fredrickson BL (1999) Measurement issues in emotion research. In: Kahneman D, Diener E, Schwarz N (eds) Well-being: the foundations of hedonic psychology. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp 40–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen RJ, Ketelaar T (1991) Personality and susceptibility to positive and negative emotional states. J Pers Soc Psychol 61:132–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen RJ, Diener E, Cropanzano RS (1987) Cognitive operations associated with individual differences in affect intensity. J Pers Soc Psychol 53:767–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen RJ, Diener E, Emmons RA (1986) Affect intensity and reactions to daily life events. J Pers Soc Psychol 51:803–814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee AY, Aaker JL, Gardner WL (2000) The pleasure and pains of distinct self-construals: the role of interdependence in regulatory focus. J Pers Soc Psychol 78:1122–1134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levine LJ (1997) Reconstructing memory for emotions. J Exp Psychol Gen 126:165–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levine LJ, Prohaska V, Burgess SL, Rice JA, Laulere TM (2001) Remembering past emotions: the role of current appraisals. Cogn Emot 15:393–417

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas RE, Fujita F (2000) Factors influencing the relation between extraversion and pleasant affect. J Pers Soc Psychol 79:1039–1056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas RE, Clark AE, Georgellis Y, Diener E (2004) Unemployment alters the set point for life satisfaction. Psychol Sci 15:8–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas RE, Clark AE, Georgellis Y, Diener E (2003) Re-examining adaptation and the setpoint model of happiness: reactions to changes in marital status. J Pers Soc Psychol 84:537–539

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas RE, Diener E, Suh EM (1996) Discriminant validity of well-being measures. J Pers Soc Psychol 71:616–628

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyubomirsky S, Ross L (1999) Changes in attractiveness of elected, rejected, and precluded alternatives: a comparison of happy and unhappy individuals. J Pers Soc Psychol 76:988–1007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyubomirsky S, Tucker KL (1998) Implications of individual differences in subjective happiness for perceiving, interpreting, and thinking about life events. Motiv Emot 22:155–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyubomirsky S, King L, Diener E (2002) Happiness is a good thing: a theory of the benefits of positive affect. Unpublished paper, University of California at Riverside

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnus K, Diener E, Fujita F, Pavot W (1993) Extraversion and neuroticism as predictors for objective life events: a longitudinal analysis. J Pers Soc Psychol 65:1046–1053

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markus HR, Kitayama S (1994) The cultural construction of self and emotion: implications for social behavior. In: Kitayama S, Markus HR (eds) Emotion and culture: empirical studies of emotional influences. American Psychological Association, Washington, pp 89–131

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McFarland C, Ross M, DeCourville N (1987) Women’s theories of menstruation and biases in recall of menstrual symptoms. J Pers Soc Psychol 57:522–531

    Google Scholar 

  • McKnight C, Hebner E, Suldo S (2002) Relationships among stressful life events, temperament, problem behavior, and global life satisfaction in adolescents. Psychol Sch 39:677–687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb MD, Bentler PM, Collins C (1986) Alcohol use and dissatisfaction with self and life: a longitudinal analysis of young adults. J Drug Issues 63:479–494

    Google Scholar 

  • Oettingen G, Seligman MEP (1990) Pessimism and behavioral signs of depression in East versus West Berlin. Eur J Soc Psychol 20:207–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oishi S (2002) The experiencing and remembering of well-being: a cross-cultural analysis. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 28:1398–1406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oishi S (2004) On-line versus retrospective recall of emotions in the prediction of the longevity of dating relationships. University of Virginia. Unpublished manuscript

    Google Scholar 

  • Oishi S, Diener E (2001) Goals, culture, and subjective well-being. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 27:1674–1682

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ortony A, Clore GL, Collins A (1988) The cognitive structure of emotions. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pavot W, Diener E, Colvin R, Sandvik E (1991) Further validation of the satisfaction with life scale: evidence for the cross-method convergence of well-being measures. J Pers Assess 57:149–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson C, Seligman ME (1984) Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: theory and evidence. Psychol Rev 91:347–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson C, Maier SF, Seligman MEP (1993) Learned helplessness: a theory for the age of personal control. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis HT, Gable SL (2000) Event-sampling and other methods for studying everyday experience. In: Reis HT, Judd CM (eds) Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 190–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis HT, Gable SL (2003) Toward a positive psychology of relationships. In: Keyes CML, Haidt J (eds) Flourishing: positive psychology and the life well-lived. American psychological association, Washington, pp 129–159

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson MD (2000) Running from William James’ bear: a review of preattentive mechanisms and their contributions to emotional experience. Cogn Emot 12:667–696

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson MD, Clore GL (2002) Episodic and semantic knowledge in emotional self-report: evidence for two judgment processes. J Pers Soc Psychol 83:198–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson MD, Johnson JT, Shields SA (1998) The gender heuristic and the database: factors affecting the perception of gender-related differences in the experience and display of emotions. Basic Appl Soc Psychol 20:206–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross M, Wilson AE (2000) Constructing and appraising past selves. In: Schacter DL, Scarry E (eds) Memory, brain, and belief. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 231–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozin P, Royzman EB (2001) Negativity bias, negativity domains, and contagion. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 5:296–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rusting C, Larsen RJ (1997) Extraversion, neuroticism and susceptibility to positive and negative affect; a test of two theoretical models. Pers Individ Differ 22:607–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sandvik E, Diener E, Seidlitz L (1993) Subjective well-being: the convergence and stability of self-report and non-self report measures. J Pers 61:317–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schimmack U, Diener E, Oishi S (2002) Life-satisfaction is a momentary judgment and a stable personality characteristic: the use of chronically accessible and stable sources. J Pers 70:345–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schimmack U, Oishi S, Diener E, Suh E (2000) Facets of affective experiences: a framework for investigations of trait affect. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 26:655–668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz N, Strack F (1999) Reports of subjective well-being: judgmental processes and their methodological implications. In: Kahneman D, Di- ener E, Schwarz N (eds) Well-being: the foundations of hedonic psychology, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp 61–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz N (1996) Cognition and communication: judgmental biases, research methods, and the logic of conversation. Erlbaum, Hillsdale

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz N, Clore GL (1983) Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: informative and directive functions of affective states. J Pers Soc Psychol 45:513–523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz N, Scheuring B (1988) Judgments of relationship satisfaction: inter- and intraindividual comparisons as a function of questionnaire structure. Eur J Soc Psychol 18:485–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz N, Strack F, Kommer D, Wagner D (1987) Soccer, rooms, and the quality of your life: mood effects on judgments of satisfaction with life in general and with specific domains. Eur J Soc Psychol 17:69–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scollon CN, Kim-Prieto C, Diener E (2004) Strengths and weaknesses of the experience sampling technique. J Happiness Stud 4:5–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seidlitz L, Diener E (1998) Sex differences in the recall of affective experiences. J Pers Soc Psychol 74:262–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seligman MEP (1995) The optimistic child. Harper Collins, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman MEP (2002) Authentic happiness. Free Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith S, Razzell P (1975) The pools’ winners. Calibon Books, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith J, Fleeson W, Geiselmann B, Settersten RA Jr, Kunzmann U (1999) Sources of well-being in very old age. In: Baltes PB, Mayer KU (eds) The Berlin aging study: aging from 70 to 100. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 450–471

    Google Scholar 

  • Strack F, Martin L, Schwarz N (1988) Priming and communication: social determinants of information use in judgments of life satisfaction. Eur J Soc Psychol 18:429–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suh EM, Diener E, Fujita FD (1996) Events and subjective well-being: only recent events matter. J Pers Soc Psychol 70:1091–1102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suh EM, Diener E, Oishi S, Triandis HC (1998) The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: emotions versus norms. J Pers Soc Psychol 74:482–493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamir M, Robinson M (2004) Knowing good from bad: the paradox of neuroticism, negative affect, and evaluative processing. J Pers Soc Psychol 87:913–925

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamir M, Robinson M, Clore G (2002) The epistemic benefits of trait- consistent mood states: an analysis of extraversion and mood. J Pers Soc Psychol 83:663–677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tellegen A, Lykken DT, Bouchard TJ, Wilcox KJ, Segal NJ, Rich S (1988) Personality similarity in twins reared apart and together. J Pers Soc Psychol 54:1031–1039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tennen H, Affleck G (2002) Benefit-finding and benefit-reminding. In: Snyder CR, Lopez SJ (eds) Handbook of positive psychology. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 584–597

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas DL, Diener E (1990) Memory accuracy in the recall of emotions. J Pers Soc Psychol 59:291–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veenhoven R (1993) Happiness in nations: subjective appreciation of life in 55 nations 1986–1990. RISBO, Rotterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkielman P, Knaeuper B, Schwarz N (1998) Looking back at anger: reference periods change the interpretation of emotion frequency questions. J Pers Soc Psychol 75:719–728

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wirtz D, Kruger J, Scollon CN, Diener E (2004) What to do on spring break? Predicting future choice from online versus recalled affect. Psychol Sci 14:520–524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zelenski JM, Larsen RJ (1999) Susceptibility to affect: a comparison of three personality taxonomies. J Pers 67:761–791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zullig KJ, Valois RT, Huebner ES, Oeltmann JE, Drane W (2001) Relationship between perceived life satisfaction and adolescents’ substance abuse. J Adolesc Health 29:279–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Road, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA

    Chu Kim-Prieto

  2. University of Illinois and Gallop Organization, 901 West Illinois Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Ed Diener

  3. Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Maya Tamir

  4. Texas Christian University, 2800 West Bowie Street, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA

    Christie Scollon

  5. University of Utah, 1901 East South Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    Marissa Diener

Authors
  1. Chu Kim-Prieto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ed Diener
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maya Tamir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Christie Scollon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Marissa Diener
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chu Kim-Prieto .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Pathophysiology, and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi 74, Milan, 20157, Italy

    Antonella Delle Fave

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kim-Prieto, C., Diener, E., Tamir, M., Scollon, C., Diener, M. (2013). Integrating the Diverse Definitions of Happiness: A Time-Sequential Framework of Subjective Well-Being. In: Delle Fave, A. (eds) The Exploration of Happiness. Happiness Studies Book Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5702-8_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation