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The Soils of Italy pp 205–245Cite as

Soil Threats

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Part of the book series: World Soils Book Series ((WSBS))

Abstract

Over the past decades Italians—as well as other European inhabitants—have loaded their soilscapes more intensely and quicker than ever before. This anthropic pressure has such a strong impact on the environment that it sets off degradation processes in soils endangering them in various ways. In particular, (i) huge areas of the Italian landscape are exposed to soil erosion that still remain a concern because of the scarce adoption of soil conservation practices; (ii) soil consumption is much more evident in the main metropolitan areas and in the coastal areas and recently boosted also by the spread of photovoltaic ground-mounted installations that are preferentially established in flat areas, regardless of any aspect of soil quality; (iii) soil pollution/contamination is mainly due to industrial and urban settlements and concerns almost 1 % of the national area; (iv) soil salinization/alkalization is mainly due to irrigation with saline waters and is particularly diffused in the plains and along the coastal areas; (v) Italian soils are generally poor in organic matter, and its decline is mainly due to changes in land use and in soil managements; (vi) finally, it is to mention the soil diversity loss, a new soil threat that is mainly linked to large-scale farming in growing high remunerative crops.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Not considering the environmental and socio-economical problems that lead to the decline of the Roman Empire (see Sect. 8.1).

  2. 2.

    adjRNa: adjusted sodium adsorption ratio (Ayers and Westcot 1994).

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  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy

    Carmelo Dazzi & Giuseppe Lo Papa

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Dazzi, C., Lo Papa, G. (2013). Soil Threats. In: Costantini, E., Dazzi, C. (eds) The Soils of Italy. World Soils Book Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5642-7_8

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