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How to Utilise the Knowledge of Causal Responses?

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Physical and Physiological Forest Ecology

Abstract

Our physical and physiological theory provides causal explanations of various phenomena in forests. This causal nature of the theory enables versatile applications in forestry and in the research of the interactions between climate change and forests. We treat the effects of thinnings and whole-tree harvesting on wood production and the responses of forest ecosystem to nitrogen deposition in more detail. The forests react to the increasing CO2 concentration and also to temperature increase generating feedbacks from forests to climate change. The changes in the carbon storages in forest ecosystems and in the emission of volatile organic compounds are evidently the most important feedbacks from forest ecosystems to the climate change.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Due to the large heat capacity of the oceans, this equilibration time is of the order of centuries.

  2. 2.

    Available from NASA GSFC FTP ftp://climate1.gsfc.nasa.gov/wiscombe/

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  1. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Pertti Hari

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Correspondence to Pertti Hari , Pertti Hari , Timo Vesala , Jouni Räisänen , Jouni Räisänen , Pertti Hari , Pertti Hari , Jouni Räisänen or Ilona Riipinen .

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  1. Fac. Agriculture & Forestry, Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, n/a, Helsinki, n/a, Finland

    Pertti Hari

  2. , Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, n/a, Helsinki, n/a, Finland

    Kari Heliövaara

  3. Fac. Agriculture & Forestry, Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, n/a, Helsinki, n/a, Finland

    Liisa Kulmala

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Hari, P. et al. (2013). How to Utilise the Knowledge of Causal Responses?. In: Hari, P., Heliövaara, K., Kulmala, L. (eds) Physical and Physiological Forest Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5603-8_8

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