Abstract
Modelling has been performed of the European nitrogen budget, and the effects of including the bi-directional surface-atmosphere exchange of ammonia have been investigated.
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References
Schaap M, Timmermans RMA, Roemer M, Boersen GAC, Builtjes PJH, Sauter FJ, Velders GJM, Beck JP (2008) The LOTOS–EUROS model: description, validation and latest developments. Int J Environ Pollut 32(2):270–290
Van Zanten MC, Sauter FJ, Wichink Kruit RJ, Van Jaarsveld JA, Van Pul WAJ (2010) Description of the DEPAC module: dry deposition modelling with DEPAC_GCN2010. RIVM report 680180001/2010, Bilthoven, p 76
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Wichink Kruit RJ, Schaap M, Sauter FJ, Van Zanten MC, Van Pul WAJ (2012) Modelling the distribution of ammonia across Europe including bi-directional surface-atmosphere exchange. Biogeosci Discuss 9:4877–4918
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Questioner Name: M. Sofiev
Q: Did you use the EMEP wet deposition monitoring data? This network may be the major evaluation data source for your study.
A: That’s true. We will include this data source in a further model inter-comparison study within the ÉCLAIRE project.
Questioner Name: T. Dore
Q: Comparison of modeled ammonia concentrations with measurements at nature reserves in the UK also shows an over-estimate in modeled concentrations. Could reducing your model grid resolution successfully resolve source (agricultural) regions from sink (nature reserve) regions?
A: Many studies have shown that the model resolution is extremely important in areas where local sources are present and therefore we expect that increasing the model resolution will definitely improve the correspondence with the measurements. Especially in the Netherlands, the size of the nature areas is generally much smaller than the size of the grid cells. Therefore, a grid cell in the model will generally include some emissions of NH3 from agricultural sources, which are spread over the whole grid cell, thus overestimating the amount of NH3 in the nature areas. By increasing the model resolution, this problem might be reduced.
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Kruit, R.J.W., Schaap, M., Sauter, F.J., van Zanten, M.C., van Pul, W.A.J. (2014). Modeling the European Nitrogen Budget: Effects of Including the Bi-directional Surface-Atmosphere Exchange of Ammonia. In: Steyn, D., Builtjes, P., Timmermans, R. (eds) Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXII. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5577-2_52
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5577-2_52
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