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Speciation of Cadmium in the Environment

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Book cover Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality

Part of the book series: Metal Ions in Life Sciences ((MILS,volume 11))

Abstract

This chapter reports an analysis of literature dedicated to the speciation of cadmium in various environmental compartments, i.e., atmosphere, natural waters, soils and sediments. The difficulty of the cadmium speciation studies, due to the variability of composition of different natural systems and to the low cadmium concentration in the environment, is highlighted. As an alternative approach, cadmium behavior is assessed by modelling its reactivity towards the main classes of ligands usually present in natural systems. The stability of cadmium complexes with various ligand classes is analyzed and modelled. Simple equations are proposed for the estimation of the stability of cadmium complexes with carboxylates, amines, amino acids, complexones, phosphates, phosphonates, and thiolates. The modelling ability of these equations is carefully analyzed. In addition, the sequestering ability of some ligands toward cadmium has been evaluated by the calculation of pL0.5 (the total ligand concentration, as –log c L, able to bind 50% of a metal cation), an empirical parameter recently proposed for an objective “quantification” of this ability in defined conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature, composition of solution).

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Abbreviations

BCR:

Community Bureau of References

DOC:

dissolved organic carbon

DOM:

dissolved organic matter

DPASV:

differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry

DTPA:

diethylenetriamine-N,N,N’,N”,N”-pentaacetate

EDDA:

ethylenediamine-N,N’-diacetate

EDTA:

ethylenediamine-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetate

EGTA:

ethyleneglycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetate

EXAFS:

extended X-ray absorption fine structure

GSH:

glutathione

HEDPA:

1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid

HPLC:

high performance liquid chromatography

ICP-AES:

inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy

MW:

molecular weight

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance

NTA:

nitrilotriacetate

PM2.5/10 :

particulate matter (subscripts refer to the dimension of the powder, expressed in micrometer)

PSH:

penicillamine

SIT:

Specific ion Interaction Theory

SM&T:

European Standard, Measurements and Testing program

std. dev.:

standard deviation

TTHA:

triethylenetetramine-N,N,N’,N”,N’”,N’”-hexaacetate

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy

    Francesco Crea, Claudia Foti, Demetrio Milea & Silvio Sammartano

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  1. Francesco Crea
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  2. Claudia Foti
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  3. Demetrio Milea
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  4. Silvio Sammartano
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Correspondence to Silvio Sammartano .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry, Universität Basel, Spitalstr. 51, Basel, 4056, Basel Stadt, Switzerland

    Astrid Sigel

  2. Inst. Anorganische Chemie, Universität Basel, Spitalstr. 51, Basel, 4056, Switzerland

    Helmut Sigel

  3. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland

    Roland KO Sigel

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Crea, F., Foti, C., Milea, D., Sammartano, S. (2013). Speciation of Cadmium in the Environment. In: Sigel, A., Sigel, H., Sigel, R. (eds) Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_3

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