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The Contribution of Diatoms to Worldwide Crude Oil Deposits

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The Science of Algal Fuels

Part of the book series: Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology ((COLE,volume 25))

Abstract

Crude oil or petroleum is derived from natural sources which are in the form of organic matter deposited along with the sediments in sedimentary basins from geological past (Hunt, 1863; Hunt et al., 2002; Kvenvolden, 2008). Living organisms of various kinds contribute to production of hydrocarbons as a normal part of their existence in which algae are thought to be one of the principal contributors to production of petroleum (Whitmore, 1944; Oakwood, 1946). They are also considered to yield a large percentage of organic compounds more closely analogous to petroleum as identified through chemical structure of kerogen; therefore, abiogenic origin of petroleum has not been accepted by modern geologists. Brongersma-Sanders (1951) emphasized the impressive local development of abundant plankton in areas of upwelled nutrient-rich ocean waters. It seems that both geologically and geochemically aquatic plant and animal life offer the most likely source material for the bulk of our hydrocarbon reserves.

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 Acknowledgements

We are indebted to editors Prof. Richard Gordon and Prof. Joseph Seckbach for giving us an excellent opportunity to contribute to this chapter. Thanks to the secretary of the Ministry of Earth Sciences and the director of NCAOR for continued encouragement. Special thanks to Dr. John A. Barron, US Geological Survey, and Prof. Noriyuki Suzuki, Hokkaido University, Japan, for providing imperative suggestions and literature for this chapter. Thanks are also extended to Karima Kerkar for her kind help in drafting this manuscript. SKS acknowledges financial support from the University Grants Commission (Dr. D.S. Kothari Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme). This is NCAOR Contribution No. 31/2012.

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  1. National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Headland Sada, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, 403 804, India

    Sunil Kumar Shukla & Rahul Mohan

  2. Present Address-Department of Marine Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403 206, India

    Sunil Kumar Shukla

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    Richard Gordon

  2. University of Jerusalem, Mevo Hadas 20, Efrat, 90435, Israel

    Joseph Seckbach

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Shukla, S.K., Mohan, R. (2012). The Contribution of Diatoms to Worldwide Crude Oil Deposits. In: Gordon, R., Seckbach, J. (eds) The Science of Algal Fuels. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5110-1_20

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