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Allergenic Pollen pp 127–159Cite as

Airborne Pollen Transport

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Abstract

This chapter reviews the present knowledge and previous developments concerning the pollen transport in the atmosphere. Numerous studies are classified according to the spatial scales of the applications, key processes considered, and the methodology involved. Space-wise, local, regional and long-range scales are distinguished. An attempt of systematization is made towards the key processes responsible for the observed patterns: initial dispersion of pollen grains in the nearest vicinity of the sources at micro-scale, transport with the wind, mixing inside the atmospheric boundary layer and dry and wet removal at the regional scale, and the long-range dispersion with synoptic-scale wind, exchange between the boundary layer and free troposphere, roles of dry and wet removal, interactions with chemicals and solar radiation at the large scales.

Atmospheric dispersion modelling can pursue two goals: estimation of concentrations from known source (forward problem), and the source apportionment (inverse problem). Historically, the inverse applications were made first, mainly using the simple trajectory models. The sophisticated integrated systems capable of simulating all main processes of pollen lifecycle have been emerging only during last decade using experience of the atmospheric chemical composition modelling.

Several studies suggest the allergen existence in the atmosphere separately from the pollen grains – as observed in different parts of the world. However, there is no general understanding of the underlying processes, and the phenomenon itself is still debated. Another new area with strongly insufficient knowledge is the interactions of airborne allergens and chemical pollutants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Air Quality Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 503, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, 00560, Helsinki, Finland

    Mikhail Sofiev

  2. Botany Unit and Institut de Ciència i Tecnologies Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Jordina Belmonte

  3. Bio- & Umweltmeteorologie, MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland

    Regula Gehrig

  4. Centre de Recerca Ecològica I Aplicacions Foretsals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Rebeca Izquierdo

  5. National Pollen and Aerobiology Research Unit, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK

    Matt Smith

  6. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Åslög Dahl

  7. Meteorological Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 503, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, 00560, Helsinki, Finland

    Pilvi Siljamo

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  1. Mikhail Sofiev
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Correspondence to Mikhail Sofiev .

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  1. Erik Palmenin Aukio 1, Helsinki, 00561, Finland

    Mikhail Sofiev

  2. Foundation German Pollen Information Ser, Luisenstrasse 2, Berlin, 10117, Germany

    Karl-Christian Bergmann

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Sofiev, M. et al. (2013). Airborne Pollen Transport. In: Sofiev, M., Bergmann, KC. (eds) Allergenic Pollen. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4881-1_5

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