Abstract
Most studies investigating neighbourhood change use repeated cross-sectional data to document how neighbourhood characteristics change over time. Although such analysis can be useful, it cannot be used to uncover the causes of change. The population composition of a neighbourhood can change because of differences in the characteristics of the in-coming and out-going of residents, and because some of the non-moving residents change over time as well. This study explores the causes of neighbourhood change by investigating how the effects of residential mobility of low income primary school-aged pupils in England compares with other components of change in the concentration of low income pupils in an area. The results show that the two dominant components of neighbourhood change are in-situ change and residential mobility.
The impact of both of these components is greatest in deprived areas where in-situ change marginally decreases the concentration of pupils from low income households whereas residential mobility marginally increases the concentration of pupils from low income households. The results of this study have significance for our understanding of neighbourhood change especially in deprived neighbourhoods. It is often assumed that selective mobility is the greatest driver of neighbourhood change, but this study seems to indicate that in-situ change is more important.
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Notes
- 1.
The Townsend Index was devised by Townsend et al. (1988) to provide a material measure of deprivation and disadvantage. The index is based on four census variables unemployment, non-car ownership, non-home ownership, and household overcrowding.
- 2.
Compulsory school age ranges from 5 to 16 years in the UK.
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Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank Paul Norman for permission to reproduce Fig. 9.1. I would also like to thank Mark Brown and Nissa Finney for their diligent supervision of my Ph.D. thesis on which this chapter is based. Finally, I am grateful to the Department for Education for access to the School Census.
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Jivraj, S. (2012). The Components of Socioeconomic Neighbourhood Change: An Analysis of School Census Data at Varying Spatial Scales in England. In: van Ham, M., Manley, D., Bailey, N., Simpson, L., Maclennan, D. (eds) Understanding Neighbourhood Dynamics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4854-5_9
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