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Phase Transition

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Introduction to Structural Chemistry

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Abstract

Polymorphism (first described by Mitscherlich in 1823) is the existence of different crystal modifications of the same chemical substance. Phase transitions between different polymorphs can be classified thermodynamically (1st and 2nd order) or by the depth of structural rearrangement (reconstructive, displacive, order-disorder). Relative stabilities of inorganic polymorphs are rationalized (with limited success) in terms of radii, charges and hardness of ions, electronegativities, etc., or described by structural maps. Recently, it became possible also to explore transitions between structurally different amorphous solids or, rarely, liquids (‘polyamorphism’). The heats of melting, sublimation and evaporation of elements and compounds, as well as enthalpies of solid-solid transitions, vary widely depending the bonding type, polarity and polarizability, and the extent of structural change. Evaporation heats of homologous organic compounds show clear additive trends.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Osipyan Str. 8, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia

    Prof. Stepan S. Batsanov

  2. Chemistry Department, Durham University, Science Site, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, United Kingdom

    Andrei S. Batsanov Ph.D.

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  1. Prof. Stepan S. Batsanov
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Batsanov, S., Batsanov, A. (2012). Phase Transition. In: Introduction to Structural Chemistry. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4771-5_9

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