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Metabolomics-Assisted Crop Breeding Towards Improvement in Seed Quality and Yield

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Seed Development: OMICS Technologies toward Improvement of Seed Quality and Crop Yield

Abstract

Seed complex traits, such as oil, protein or starch content, but also seed size, vigor, and dormancy represent agronomic traits of value. The exact understanding of their underlying regulatory mechanisms may be central to the development of future crop cultivars and goal orientated breeding strategies, sustaining high yields, seed nutritional quality or increased oil content. Seed traits are inherently associated with seed metabolism and plant-seed carbon-nitrogen allocation, thus a metabolomics based approach can provide a comprehensive understanding of seed metabolism and more generally of seed quality. During its different developmental stages and from the maturation phase to germination, the seed is characterized by distinct metabolite signatures, which may associate to yield related traits, rendering their identification useful as metabolic markers in the development of metabolomics-assisted breeding strategies. That said, the scientific knowledge on biochemical pathways in a cell is limited by the small number of identifiable metabolites (few hundreds) as compared to the thousands present at any given moment in a cell. Moreover, the integration of different metabolomics platforms allowing the identification and quantification of known and unknown metabolites remains a non-trivial step in deciphering complete metabolomes. Last, the superimposition of metabolite data and morpho-physiological traits requires correct data handling and elaboration. Without requiring a prior knowledge of biochemical reactions, correlation based network analysis represents an attractive approach to study the mode of interaction of known metabolites, to suggest unknown candidates for pathway elucidation and to identify association between metabolites and yield related traits.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The use of the adjectives ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ to categorize classes of metabolic processes is at times confusing. Primary or central metabolism is considered as being constitutively active. Examples of central metabolic processes are glycolysis, TCA cycle, OPPP, amino acid biosynthesis. In contrast, secondary or specialized metabolism is likely induced by exogenous and endogenous cues. Alternatively, metabolites actively integrated into biochemical pathways are referred to as primary metabolites, whereas the class of secondary metabolites does not have an immediate functionality in the pathways themselves, but often possesses important ecological functions. That said, groups as FAs as well as certain polyamines and nonprotein amino acids can correspond to both categories rendering classification artificial if not misleading. Here, we will adopt the use of central and specialized metabolism rather than primary and secondary.

  2. 2.

    Metabolites are defined as quantitative traits (QT) implying the quantitative continuous change in their content across a population.

  3. 3.

    A metabolon is a temporary structural-functional complex formed between sequential enzymes of a metabolic pathway, held together by noncovalent interactions (Srere 1985).

  4. 4.

    Defined as the emergence of the radicle from the seed testa (Baskin and Baskin 2004; Finch-Savage and Leubner-Metzger 2006).

  5. 5.

    Orthodox seeds are desiccation tolerant and storable under dry states for long periods of time (Angelovici et al. 2010).

  6. 6.

    Seeds that fail to go through storage-like periods, such as dry chilling; hence the term “recalcitrant” to storage (Roberts 1973).

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  1. Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev French Associates, 84990, Negev, Israel

    David Toubiana & Aaron Fait

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    Ganesh K. Agrawal

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    Randeep Rakwal

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Toubiana, D., Fait, A. (2012). Metabolomics-Assisted Crop Breeding Towards Improvement in Seed Quality and Yield. In: Agrawal, G., Rakwal, R. (eds) Seed Development: OMICS Technologies toward Improvement of Seed Quality and Crop Yield. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4749-4_22

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