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Function of miRNAs in Tumor Cell Proliferation

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MicroRNA in Cancer

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miR) are a class of multifunctional, small, non-coding, singled-stranded molecules that regulate the stability or translational efficiency of targeted messenger RNAs. According to the miRBase Sequence Database (http://www.mirbase.org/index.shtml), more than 1,000 miR sequences have been identified from the tissues or cells of human origin. miRNAs are transcribed from the genome mostly by RNA polymerase II into primary miRNAs (called pri-miRNA) which are usually around 1 kb in length. pri-miRNAs are further processed in the nucleus by a ribonucleases complex composed of Drosha and DGCR8 into precursor miRNAs (called pre-miRNAs) which are around 70–90 nucleotides in length with imperfectly complementary stem-loop-stem structures. The pre-miRNA is then transported by exportin-5, a pre-miRNA-specific export carrier, to the cytoplasm where the pre-miRNA is cleaved by another ribonuclease, Dicer, into a double-stranded miRNA which consists of a mature miRNA sequence of about 17–25 nucleotides long and a miRNA* fragment (derived from the opposite strand to the mature miRNA strand). The mature miRNA is assembled into a ribonucleoprotein complex known as RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that includes Argonaute protein [1]. The miR-RISC complex could lead to base-pairing interactions between a miRNA and the binding site of its target mRNAs within the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). The interaction could lead to endonucleotic cleavage of the target mRNA or interference with its ability to be translated depending on the base-pairing complementarity between the miRNA and the target mRNA [2, 3].

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by awards from National Institutes of Health [R01CA70896, R01CA75503, and R01CA86072 to R.G.P.]. Work conducted at the Kimmel Cancer Center was supported by the NIH Cancer Center Core grant [P30CA56036 to R.G.P.]. This project is supported by a generous grant from the Dr. Ralph and Marian C. Falk Medical Research Trust, and was funded and supported in part by a grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Health. The Department specifically disclaims responsibility for any analyses, interpretations or conclusions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120, Shanghai, China

    Zuoren Yu Ph.D.

  2. School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA

    Richard G. Pestell Ph.D. M.D.

  3. Department of Cancer Biology and Medical Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South, 10th Street, 19107, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Aydin Tozeren

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Correspondence to Zuoren Yu Ph.D. .

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  1. and Molecular Biology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, Perdido Street 1901, New Orleans, 70112, Louisiana, USA

    Suresh Alahari

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Yu, Z., Tozeren, A., Pestell, R. (2013). Function of miRNAs in Tumor Cell Proliferation. In: Alahari, S. (eds) MicroRNA in Cancer. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4655-8_2

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