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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Health and Disease pp 143–161Cite as

Regulation of ER Stress Responses by microRNAs

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be critically involved in control of cell survival and cell death decisions. The main function of miRNAs is to direct posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, typically by binding to 3’ UTR of cognate mRNAs and inhibiting their translation and/or stability. Hundreds of miRNAs, many of them evolutionarily conserved, have been identified in mammals, but their physiological functions are just beginning to be elucidated. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress has been associated with a wide range of diseases, including neurodegeneration, stroke, bipolar disorder, cardiac disease, cancer and diabetes. Although the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is primarily pro-survival, in the event of prolonged or severe ER stress that is not resolved, the UPR switches to initiation of apoptosis. Here we have discussed the role of miRNAs in determining cell fate during conditions of ER stress. This chapter will provide novel insights into regulation of UPR signaling by miRNAs.

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Abbreviations

AGO:

Argonaute

ATF4/6:

Activating Transcription Factor 4/6

Bim:

Bcl2-interacting mediator of cell death

BMPs:

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

CHOP:

C/EBP Homologous Protein

CLL:

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

CRE:

ATF/cAMP response elements

DGCR8:

DiGeorge Critical Region 8

DICER:

Ribonuclease Type III

DNMT:

DNA Methyl Transferase

DROSHA:

Ribonuclease Type III

ds:

double stranded

eIF2α:

eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2α

eIF4E:

eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E

ER:

Endoplasmic Reticulum

ER-α:

Estrogen Receptor α

ERAD:

ER Associated Degradation

ERK:

Extracellular signal Regulated Kinase

ERSE:

ER stress responsive elements

HDAC:

histone deacetylase

hnRNP:

heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins

hp-RNAs:

long hairpin RNAs

IRE1:

Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1

M7G:

7-methylguanylate

MAPK:

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase

miRNA:

microRNA

mRNA:

messenger RNA

PACT:

Protein kinase R-activating protein

PBs:

P-bodies

PERK:

double stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) –like ER Kinase

pre-miRNA:

precursor-miRNA

pri-miRNA:

primary miRNA transcript

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

SDN-1:

small RNA degrading nuclease

SINEs:

short interspersed nuclear elements

T:

Thymidine

TRBP:

TAR RNA binding protein

TGF-ß:

Transforming growth factor-ß

TRBP:

TAR RNA-binding protein

tRNAs:

transfer RNAs

UPR:

Unfolded Protein Response

U:

Uracil

UTR:

Untranslated Region

XBP1:

X-box binding protein 1

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Acknowledgements

Our research is supported with the financial support of the Health Research Board (grant number HRA_HSR/2010/24) and the Millennium Fund from NUI Galway to S.G.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    Danielle E. Read, Karen Cawley & Sanjeev Gupta

  2. Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    Danielle E. Read, Ananya Gupta & Sanjeev Gupta

  3. School of Natural Sciences (Biochemistry), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    Karen Cawley

Authors
  1. Danielle E. Read
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  2. Ananya Gupta
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  3. Karen Cawley
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  4. Sanjeev Gupta
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Correspondence to Sanjeev Gupta .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept Molec Cell Bio, K.U. Leuven, Harestraat/Gasthuisberg, B-3000 Leuven, 3000, Belgium

    Patrizia Agostinis

  2. School of Natural Science, Department of Biochemistry, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland

    Samali Afshin

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Read, D., Gupta, A., Cawley, K., Gupta, S. (2012). Regulation of ER Stress Responses by microRNAs. In: Agostinis, P., Afshin, S. (eds) Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Health and Disease. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4351-9_6

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