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Morphology and Evolution of Turtles pp 307–336Cite as

Preliminary Overview of Late Cretaceous Turtle Diversity in Eastern Central Europe (Austria, Hungary, and Romania)

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Part of the book series: Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology ((VERT))

Abstract

A preliminary overview of the relatively poorly known Late Cretaceous turtle faunas from eastern Central Europe is given, including brief descriptions both of historically significant and of more recently collected taxa and specimens from the Santonian-Campanian of Hungary, the Campanian of Austria, and the Maastrichtian of Romania. Eastern Central European Late Cretaceous turtle faunas are similar to contemporaneous Western European faunas in their low taxonomic diversity and in being composed almost exclusively of continental forms that are considered endemic to Europe. The eastern Central European fauna includes two pleurodire lineages: the primitive Dortokidae, represented by a separate regional lineage that includes Dortokidae gen. et sp. nov. from the Maastrichtian of Transylvania (Romania) and other indeterminate dortokids from the Santonian of Hungary and Campanian of Austria; and the Bothremydidae, represented by Foxemys sp., a member of the Foxemydina that otherwise is known only from Western Europe. Cryptodires are represented by a conservative turtle, Kallokibotion bajazidi (Nopcsa, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 79:100–116, 1923a), from the Maastrichtian of Transylvania and by other previously unknown or unrecognised, closely related taxa from the Santonian of Hungary and the Campanian of Austria. The absence of Kallokibotion in Western Europe, coupled with the presence in both regions of the bothremydid Foxemys and of separate dortokid lineages, indicate that turtle faunas in Western and eastern Central Europe were partially separated from one another during the Late Cretaceous. “Senonemys suemegensis” (Bohn, Földtani Közlöny 96:111–118, 1966) is the only turtle known from Upper Cretaceous marine rocks in eastern Central Europe, but because the material was not adequately described and it now appears to be lost, the identity and relationships of this taxon remain unknown. Many of the turtle-bearing localities in eastern Central Europe show differences in the relative abundances of specimens and faunal compositions that likely are due to a combination of ecological and biogeographical factors and regional extinctions.

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Acknowledgments

We especially thank Jim Gardner for the invitation to contribute to this volume and for carefully checking and correcting several versions of the manuscript. Zoltán Csiki, Igor Danilov, and Massimo Delfino are thanked for their constructive reviews. Zoltán Csiki also assisted MR and MV in studying the turtle collection of the University of Bucharest. Vlad Codrea is thanked for providing access to the turtle material at the Babes-Bolyai University (Cluj-Napoca, Romania). Fieldwork in Iharkút was suppored by the Hungarian Research Fund (OTKA T–38045, PD 73021), the Jurassic Foundation, the Hantken Foundation, and the Pro Renovanda Cultura Hungariae Foundation. This project also was funded by the Synthesys Program, the SECyT-NKTH, and the Eötvös Loránd University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paleontology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, Hungary

    Márton Rabi

  2. Department of Natural Sciences, Transylvanian Museum Society, 2-4, Strada Napoca, 400009, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Mátyás Vremir

  3. ⌦, 30 Rue Carnot, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

    Haiyan Tong

  4. Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA

    Haiyan Tong

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  1. Márton Rabi
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  2. Mátyás Vremir
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  3. Haiyan Tong
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Correspondence to Márton Rabi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Royal Tyrell Museum, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada

    Donald B. Brinkman

  2. Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA

    Patricia A. Holroyd

  3. Royal Tyrrell Museum, Drumheller, Canada

    James D. Gardner

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Rabi, M., Vremir, M., Tong, H. (2013). Preliminary Overview of Late Cretaceous Turtle Diversity in Eastern Central Europe (Austria, Hungary, and Romania). In: Brinkman, D., Holroyd, P., Gardner, J. (eds) Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_19

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