Skip to main content

Mandated Reporting Laws and Child Maltreatment: The Evolution of a Flawed Policy Response

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
C. Henry Kempe: A 50 Year Legacy to the Field of Child Abuse and Neglect

Part of the book series: Child Maltreatment ((MALT,volume 1))

Abstract

Although the “discovery” of the battered children syndrome 50 years ago has had a reverberating impact on child protection in the United States and internationally, the resulting system of mandated reporting and an increased awareness of the prevalence of child maltreatment continue to fall far short of fulfilling intentions to protect society’s most vulnerable children. Legal mandates to report suspected abuse are undermined by ambiguities in definition and inconsistencies across jurisdictions, mired in errors of both under- and overreporting, and lead to a loss of community and professional responsibility in the duty of child protection. After a 50-year struggle with a system that is known to have been ill-conceived, it is well past time to move in a new direction—toward repeal of mandated reporting and toward adoption of community-strengthening approaches that result in improved welfare for children in general and a stronger commitment to ensuring children’s safety.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ainsworth, F. (2002). Mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect: Does it really make a difference? Child and Family Social Work, 7, 57–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bae, H. O., Solomon, P. L., Gelles, R. J., & White, T. (2010). Effect of child protective services system factors on child maltreatment re-reporting. Child Welfare, 89, 33–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Arieh, A. (2010). Localities, social services, and child abuse: The role of community characteristics in social services allocation and child abuse reporting. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 536–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coulton, C. J., & Korbin, J. E. (2007). Indicators of child well-being through a neighborhood lens. Social Indicators Research, 84, 349–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coulton, C. J., Korbin, J. E., Su, M., & Chow, J. (1995). Community level factors and child maltreatment rates. Child Development, 66, 1262–1276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coulton, C. J., Crampton, D. S., Irwin, M., Spilsbury, J. C., & Korbin, J. E. (2007). How neighborhoods influence child maltreatment: A review of the literature and alternative pathways. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 1117–1142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coulton, C. J., Korbin, J. E., & McDonell, J. R. (2009). Indicators of child well-being in the context of small areas. Child Indicators Research, 2(2 [Special issue]).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, K. A., & Coleman, D. L. (Eds.). (2009). Preventing child maltreatment: Community approaches. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drake, B., & Jonson-Reid, M. (2007). A response to Melton based on the best available data. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 343–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duquette, D. N. (2007). Looking ahead: A personal vision of the future of child welfare law. University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 41, 317–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fincham, F. D., Beach, S. R. H., Moore, T., & Diener, C. (1994). The professional response to child sexual abuse: Whose interests are served? Family Relations, 43, 244–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finkelhor, D., & Jones, L. (2006). Why have child maltreatment and child victimization declined. Journal of Social Issues, 62, 685–716.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, D., & Gruescu, S. (2011). Children and the big society: Backing communities to keep the next generation safe and happy. London: Action for Children & ResPublica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garbarino, J., & Kostelny, K. (1992). Child maltreatment as a community problem. Child Abuse & Neglect, 16, 455–464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garbarino, J., & Kostelny, K. (1994). Neighborhood-based programs. In G. B. Melton & F. D. Barry (Eds.), Protecting children from abuse and neglect: Foundations for a new national strategy (pp. 304–352). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchison, E. D. (1990). Child maltreatment: Can it be defined? The Social Service Review, 64, 60–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalichman, S. C. (1999). Mandated reporting of suspected child abuse: Ethics, law, and policy (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kalichman, S. C., & Brosig, C. L. (1992). Mandatory child abuse reporting laws: Issues and implications for policy. Law and Policy, 14, 153–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalichman, S. C., & Brosig, C. L. (1993). Practicing psychologists’ interpretations of and compliance with child abuse reporting laws. Law and Human Behavior, 17, 83–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kempe, C. H., Silverman, F., Steele, B., Droegemueller, W., & Silver, H. (1962). The battered child syndrome. Journal of the American Medical Association, 181, 4–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levi, B. H., & Crowell, K. (2010). Child abuse experts disagree about the threshold for mandated reporting. Clinical Pediatrics, 50, 321–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lonne, B., Parton, N., Thomson, J., & Harries, M. (2009). Reforming child protection. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukens, R. J. (2007). The impact of mandatory reporting requirements on the child welfare system. Rutgers Journal of Law and Public Policy, 5, 177–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathews, B., & Bross, D. C. (2008). Mandated reporting is still a policy with reason: Empirical evidence and philosophical grounds. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32, 511–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonell, J. R. (2007). Neighborhood characteristics, parenting, and children’s safety. Social Indicators Research, 83, 177–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonell, J. R. (2010). Neighborhoods and families. In M. Ajzenstadt & J. Gal (Eds.), Children, gender, and families in Mediterranean welfare states (pp. 55–73). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McDonell, J. R., & Skosireva, A. (2009). Neighborhood characteristics, child injuries, and child maltreatment. Child Indicators Research, 2, 133–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonell, J. R., & Waters, T. J. (2011). Construction and validation of an observational scale of neighborhood characteristics. Social Indicators Research, 104, 439–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melton, G. B. (1997). Why don’t the knuckleheads use common sense? In S. W. Henggeler & A. B. Santos (Eds.), Innovative approaches for difficult-to-treat populations (pp. 351–370). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melton, G. B. (2002). Chronic neglect of family violence: More than a decade of reports to guide U.S. policy. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26, 569–586.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melton, G. B. (2005). Mandated reporting: A policy without reason. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29, 9–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melton, G. B. (2009). Foreword. In B. Lonne, N. Parton, J. Thomson, & M. Harries (Eds.), Reforming child protection (pp. xi–xiv). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melton, G. B. (2010a). Angels (and neighbors) watching over us: Child safety and family support in an age of alienation. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80, 89–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melton, G. B. (2010b). Putting the “community” back into “mental health”: The challenge of a great crisis in the health and well-being of children and families. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 37, 173–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melton, G. B. (Ed.). (2010c). A place for us: Building inclusive communities for children and families [Special section]. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80, 451–524.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melton, G. B., & Holaday, B. J. (2008). Strong communities as safe havens for children. Family & Community Health, 31(2 [Special issue]).

    Google Scholar 

  • Melton, G. B., & Thompson, R. A. (2002). The conceptual foundation: Why child protection should be neighborhood-based and child-centered. In G. B. Melton, R. A. Thompson, & M. A. Small (Eds.), Toward a child-centered, neighborhood-based child protection system (pp. 3–37). Westport: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melton, G. B., Goodman, G. S., Kalichman, S. C., Levine, M., Saywitz, K. J., & Koocher, G. P. (1995). Empirical research on child maltreatment and the law. (Report of the American Psychological Association Working Group on Legal Issues Related to Child Abuse and Neglect). Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 24(Suppl), 47–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meriwether, M. H. (1986). Child abuse reporting laws: Time for a change. Family Law Quarterly, 20, 141–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, B. (1984). Making an issue of child abuse and neglect: Political agenda setting for social problems. Chicago: University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulsen, M. G. (1967). Child abuse reporting laws: The shape of the legislation. Columbia Law Review, 67, 1–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig, J. (2008). Child abuse and neglect: Public systems and private lives (Policy frontiers). Kennedy School Review, 8, 115–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Runyan, D. K., Hunter, W. M., Socolar, R. R. S., Amaya-Jackson, L., English, D., Landsverk, J., et al. (1998). Children who prosper in unfavorable environments: The relationship to social capital. Pediatrics, 101, 12–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, W. (1976). Blaming the victim (revth ed.). New York: Random House, Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, R. J., Morenoff, J., & Earls, F. (1999). Beyond social capital: Neighborhood mechanisms and structural sources of collective efficacy for children. American Sociological Review, 64, 633–660.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schene, P. A. (1998). Past, present, and future roles of child protective services. The Future of Children, 8, 23–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sege, R. D., & Flaherty, E. G. (2008). Forty years later: Inconsistencies in reporting of child abuse. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 83, 822–824.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, T. J. (1984). The child abuse prevention and treatment act. The Social Service Review, 58, 302–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Switzer, J. V. (1986). The legal side: Reporting child abuse. The American Journal of Nursing, 86(663–664), 668.

    Google Scholar 

  • Theodore, A. D., Chang, J. J., Runyan, D. K., Hunter, W. M., Bangdiwala, S. I., & Agans, R. (2005). Epidemiologic features of the physical and sexual maltreatment of children in the Carolinas. Pediatrics, 115, e331–e337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, R. A. (1995). Preventing child maltreatment through social support. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, R. A., & Flood, M. A. (2002). Toward a child-centered child protection system. In G. B. Melton, R. A. Thompson, & M. A. Small (Eds.), Toward a child-centered, neighborhood-based child protection system (pp. 155–194). Westport: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twenge, J. M. (2006). Generation me: Why today’s young Americans are more confident, assertive, entitled—and more miserable than ever before. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twenge, J. M. (2011). Generational differences in mental health: Are children and adolescents suffering more, or less? The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81, 469–472.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2009). The narcissism epidemic: Living in the age of entitlement. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect. (1990). Child abuse and neglect: Critical first steps in response to a national emergency. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect. (1991). Creating caring communities: Blueprint for an effective federal policy on child abuse and neglect. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect. (1993). Neighbors helping neighbors: A new national strategy for the protection of children. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, & Children’s Bureau. (2010). Child Maltreatment 2009. Retrieved from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/pubs/cm09/cm09.pdf

  • Waldfogel, J. (1998). Rethinking the paradigm for child protection. The Future of Children, 8, 104–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster, S. W., O’Toole, R., O’Toole, A. W., & Lucal, B. (2005). Overreporting and underreporting of child abuse: Teachers’ use of professional discretion. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29, 1281–1296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, K. K., & Melton, G. B. (2002). Exemplary neighborhood-based programs for child protection. In G. B. Melton, R. A. Thompson, & M. A. Small (Eds.), Toward a child-centered, neighborhood-based child protection system (pp. 197–213). Westport: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zolotor, A. J., & Runyan, D. K. (2006). Social capital, family violence, and neglect. Pediatrics, 117, e1124–e1131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Natalie K. Worley .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Worley, N.K., Melton, G.B. (2013). Mandated Reporting Laws and Child Maltreatment: The Evolution of a Flawed Policy Response. In: Krugman, R., Korbin, J. (eds) C. Henry Kempe: A 50 Year Legacy to the Field of Child Abuse and Neglect. Child Maltreatment, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4084-6_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics