Abstract
This chapter illustrates the use of algebraic flux correction in the context of finite element methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and related models. In the convection-dominated flow regime, nonlinear stability is enforced using algebraic flux correction. The numerical treatment of the incompressibility constraint is based on the ‘Multilevel Pressure Schur Complement’ (MPSC) approach. This class of iterative methods for discrete saddle-point problems unites fractional-step/operator-splitting methods and strongly coupled solution techniques. The implementation of implicit high-resolution schemes for incompressible flow problems requires the use of efficient Newton-like methods and optimized multigrid solvers for linear systems. The coupling of the Navier-Stokes system with scalar conservation laws is also discussed in this chapter. The applications to be considered include the Boussinesq model of natural convection, the k–ε turbulence model, population balance equations for disperse two-phase flows, and level set methods for free interfaces. A brief description of the numerical algorithm is given for each problem.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bänsch, E.: Finite element discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations with a free capillary surface. Numer. Math. 88, 203–235 (2001)
Barth, T.J., Sethian, A.: Numerical schemes for the Hamilton-Jacobi and level set equations on triangulated domains. J. Comput. Phys. 145, 1–40 (1998)
Bayraktar, E., Mierka, O., Platte, F., Kuzmin, D., Turek, S.: Numerical aspects and implementation of population balance equations coupled with turbulent fluid dynamics. Comput. Chem. Eng. (2011). doi:10.1016/j.compchemeng.2011.04.001
Brackbill, J.U., Kothe, D.B., Zemach, C.: A continuum method for modeling surface tension. J. Comput. Phys. 100, 335–354 (1992)
Buwa, V.V., Ranade, V.V.: Dynamics of gas-liquid flow in a rectangular bubble column: experiments and single/multi-group CFD simulations. Chem. Eng. Sci. 57, 4715–4736 (2002)
CFD benchmarking site. http://www.featflow.de/en/benchmarks/cfdbenchmarking
Chien, K.-Y.: Predictions of channel and boundary-layer flows with a low-Reynolds number turbulence model. AIAA J. 20, 33–38 (1982)
Chorin, A.J.: Numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations. Math. Comput. 22, 745–762 (1968)
Christon, M.A., Gresho, P.M., Sutton, S.B.: Computational predictability of natural convection flows in enclosures. In: Bathe, K.J. (ed.) Proc. First MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics, pp. 1465–1468. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2001)
Clift, R., Grace, J.R., Weber, M.E.: Bubbles, Drops and Particles. Dover, New York (2005)
Crouzeix, M., Raviart, P.A.: Conforming and non-conforming finite element methods for solving the stationary Stokes equations. RAIRO R–3, 77–104 (1973)
Damanik, H.: Monolithic FEM techniques for viscoelastic fluids. PhD thesis, TU Dortmund (2011)
Damanik, H., Hron, J., Ouazzi, A., Turek, S.: Monolithic Newton-multigrid solution techniques for incompressible nonlinear flow models. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids (2012). doi:10.1002/fld.3656
Di Pietro, D.A., Lo Forte, S., Parolini, N.: Mass preserving finite element implementations of the level set method. Appl. Numer. Math. 56, 1179–1195 (2006)
Donea, J., Giuliani, S., Laval, H., Quartapelle, L.: Finite element solution of the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations by a fractional step method. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 30, 53–73 (1982)
Engelman, M.S., Haroutunian, V., Hasbani, I.: Segregated finite element algorithms for the numerical solution of large–scale incompressible flow problems. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 17, 323–348 (1993)
Engelman, M.S., Sani, R.L., Gresho, P.M.: The implementation of normal and/or tangential boundary conditions in finite element codes for incompressible fluid flow. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 2, 225–238 (1982)
Galdi, G., Rannacher, R., Robertson, A., Turek, S.: Hemodynamical Flows: Modelling, Analysis and Simulation. WS-Oberwolfach Seminars. Birkhäuser, Basel (2008). ISBN: 978-3-7643-7805-9
Geveler, M., Ribbrock, D., Göddeke, D., Zajac, P., Turek, S.: Towards a complete FEM-based simulation toolkit on GPUs: unstructured grid finite element geometric multigrid solvers with strong smoothers based on sparse approximated inverses. Comp. Fluids (2012). doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2012.01.025. Special issue ParCFD’11
Girault, V., Raviart, P.A.: Finite Element Methods for Navier–Stokes Equations. Springer, Berlin (1986)
Glowinski, R.: Finite element methods for incompressible viscous flow. In: Ciarlet, P.G., Lions, J.L. (eds.) Numerical Methods for Fluids (Part 3). Handbook of Numerical Analysis, vol. IX, pp. 3–1176. North-Holland, Amsterdam (2003)
Gresho, P.M., Sani, R.L., Engelman, M.S.: Incompressible Flow and the Finite Element Method: Advection-Diffusion and Isothermal Laminar Flow. Wiley, New York (1998)
Gresho, P.M.: On the theory of semi–implicit projection methods for viscous incompressible flow and its implementation via a finite element method that also introduces a nearly consistent mass matrix, Part 1: Theory, Part 2: Implementation. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 11, 587–659 (1990)
Grooss, J., Hesthaven, J.S.: A level set discontinuous Galerkin method for free surface flows. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 195, 3406–3429 (2006)
Grotjans, H., Menter, F.: Wall functions for general application CFD codes. In: ECCOMAS 98, Proceedings of the 4th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference, pp. 1112–1117. Wiley, New York (1998)
Hackbusch, W., John, V., Khachatryan, A., Suciu, C.: A numerical method for the simulation of an aggregation-driven population balance system. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids (2011). doi:10.1002/fld.2656
Hu, B., Matar, O.K., Hewitt, G.F., Angeli, P.: Population balance modelling of phase inversion in liquid-liquid pipeline flows. Chem. Eng. Sci. 61, 4994–4997 (2006)
Hughes, T.J.R., Franca, L.P., Balestra, M.: A new finite element formulation for computational fluid mechanics: V. Circumventing the Babuska–Brezzi condition: A stable Petrov–Galerkin formulation of the Stokes problem accommodating equal order interpolation. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 59, 85–99 (1986)
Hysing, S.: A new implicit surface tension implementation for interfacial flows. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 51, 659–672 (2006)
Hysing, S.: Numerical simulation of immiscible fluids with FEM level set techniques. PhD thesis, TU Dortmund (2007)
Hysing, S., Turek, S.: The Eikonal equation: numerical efficiency vs. algorithmic complexity on quadrilateral grids. In: Proceedings of Algoritmy, pp. 22–31 (2005)
Hysing, S., Turek, S., Kuzmin, D., Parolini, N., Burman, E., Ganesan, S., Tobiska, L.: Quantitative benchmark computations of two-dimensional bubble dynamics. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 60, 1259–1288 (2009)
Ilinca, F., Hétu, J.-F., Pelletier, D.: A unified finite element algorithm for two-equation models of turbulence. Comput. Fluids 27, 291–310 (1998)
John, V., Roland, M.: On the impact of the scheme for solving the higher-dimensional equation in coupled population balance systems. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 82, 1450–1474 (2010)
Kim, J.: Investigation of separation and reattachment of a turbulent shear layer: flow over a backward facing step. PhD thesis, Stanford University (1978)
Kim, J., Moin, P., Moser, R.D.: Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 177, 133–166 (1987)
Kohno, H., Tanahashi, T.: Numerical analysis of moving interfaces using a level set method coupled with adaptive mesh refinement. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 45, 921–944 (2004)
Kuzmin, D.: Algebraic flux correction I. Scalar conservation laws. Chap. 6 in this book. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4038-9_6
Kuzmin, D., Basting, C., Bänsch, E.: The Lagrange multiplier approach to maintaining the distance function property in level set algorithms. In preparation
Kuzmin, D., Möller, M., Gurris, M.: Algebraic flux correction II. Compressible Flow Problems. Chap. 7 in this book. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4038-9_7
Kuzmin, D., Mierka, O., Turek, S.: On the implementation of the k–ε turbulence model in incompressible flow solvers based on a finite element discretization. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Math. 1, 193–206 (2007)
Kuzmin, D., Turek, S.: Multidimensional FEM-TVD paradigm for convection-dominated flows. In: Proceedings of the IV European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS 2004), vol. II (2004). ISBN:951-39-1869-6
Kuzmin, D., Turek, S.: Numerical simulation of turbulent bubbly flows. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Two-Phase Flow Modelling and Experimentation, Pisa, September 22–24, 2004
Lehr, F., Mewes, D.: A transport equation for interfacial area density applied to bubble columns. Chem. Eng. Sci. 56, 1159–1166 (2001)
Lehr, F., Millies, M., Mewes, D.: Bubble size distribution and flow fields in bubble columns. AIChE J. 48, 2426–2442 (2002)
Lesage, A.-C., Dervieux, A.: Conservation correction by dual level set. INRIA Report 7089 (November 2009)
Lew, A.J., Buscaglia, G.C., Carrica, P.M.: A note on the numerical treatment of the k-epsilon turbulence model. Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 14, 201–209 (2001)
Lo, S.: Application of the MUSIG model to bubbly flows. AEAT-1096, AEA Technology (1996)
Marchandise, E., Geuzaine, P., Chevaugeon, N., Remacle, J.-F.: A stabilized finite element method using a discontinuous level set approach for solving two phase incompressible flows. J. Comput. Phys. 225, 949–974 (2007)
Mohammadi, B., Pironneau, O.: Analysis of the k–Epsilon Turbulence Model. Wiley, New York (1994)
Münster, R., Mierka, O., Turek, S.: Finite element-fictitious boundary methods (FEM-FBM) for 3D particulate flow. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids (2011). doi:10.1002/fld.2558
Nagrath, S.: Adaptive stabilized finite element analysis of multi-phase flows using level set approach. PhD Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York (2004)
Nourgaliev, R.R., Wiri, S., Dinh, N.T., Theofanous, T.G.: On improving mass conservation of level set by reducing spatial discretization errors. Int. J. Multiph. Flow 31, 1329–1336 (2005)
Olsson, E., Kreiss, G.: A conservative level set method for two phase flow. J. Comput. Phys. 210, 225–246 (2005)
Osher, S., Fedkiw, R.: Level Set Methods and Dynamic Implicit Surfaces. Springer, New York (2003)
Ouazzi, A.: Finite element simulation of nonlinear fluids with application to granular material and powder. PhD thesis, TU Dortmund (2005)
Parolini, N.: Computational fluid dynamics for naval engineering problems. PhD thesis, EPFL Lausanne (2004)
Patankar, S.V.: Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. McGraw-Hill, New York (1980)
Prohl, A.: Projection and Quasi-Compressibility Methods for Solving the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations. Advances in Numerical Mathematics. Teubner, Stuttgart (1997)
Quartapelle, L.: Numerical Solution of the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations. Birkhäuser, Basel (1993)
Rama Rao, N.V., Baird, M.H.I., Hrymak, A.N., Wood, P.E.: Dispersion of high-viscosity liquid-liquid systems by flow through SMX static mixer elements. Chem. Eng. Sci. 62, 6885–6896 (2007)
Rannacher, R., Turek, S.: A simple nonconforming quadrilateral Stokes element. Numer. Methods Partial Differ. Equ. 8, 97–111 (1992)
Schäfer, M., Turek, S. (with support of F. Durst, E. Krause, R. Rannacher): Benchmark computations of laminar flow around cylinder. In: Hirschel, E.H. (ed.) Flow Simulation with High-Performance Computers II. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics, vol. 52, pp. 547–566. Vieweg, Wiesbaden (1996)
Schmachtel, R.: Robuste lineare und nichtlineare Lösungsverfahren für die inkompressiblen Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen. PhD thesis, University of Dortmund (2003)
Sethian, J.A.: A fast marching level set method for monotonically advancing fronts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93(4), 1591–1595 (1996)
Sethian, J.A.: Level Set Methods and Fast Marching Methods: Evolving Interfaces in Computational Geometry, Fluid Mechanics, Computer Vision, and Materials Science. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1999)
Sethian, J.A., Smereka, P.: Level set methods for fluid interfaces. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 35, 341–372 (2003)
Smolianski, A.: Numerical modeling of two-fluid interfacial flows. PhD thesis, University of Jyväskylä (2001)
Strehl, R., Sokolov, A., Kuzmin, D., Horstmann, D., Turek, S.: A positivity-preserving finite element method for chemotaxis problems in 3D. Ergebnisber. Angew. Math. 417, TU Dortmund (2010)
Sussman, M., Ohta, P.M.: A stable and efficient method for treating surface tension in incompressible two-phase flow. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 31, 2447–2471 (2009)
Sussman, M., Puckett, E.G.: A coupled level set and volume of fluid method for computing 3D and axisymmetric incompressible two-phase flows. J. Comput. Phys. 162, 301–337 (2000)
Sussman, M., Smereka, P., Osher, S.: A level set approach for computing solutions to incompressible two-phase flow. J. Comput. Phys. 114, 146–159 (1994)
Thakur, R.K., Vial, Ch., Nigam, K.D.P., Nauman, E.B., Djelveh, G.: Static mixers in the process industries—A review. Trans. IChemE 81, 787–826 (2003)
Thangam, S., Speziale, C.G.: Turbulent flow past a backward-facing step: a critical evaluation of two-equation models. AIAA J. 30, 1314–1320 (1992)
Tornberg, A.-K.: Interface tracking methods with applications to multiphase flows. PhD thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (2000)
Tsai, Y.R., Cheng, L.-T., Osher, S., Zhao, H.-K.: Fast sweeping algorithms for a class of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 41(2), 673–694 (2003)
Turek, S.: On discrete projection methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations: An algorithmical approach. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 143, 271–288 (1997)
Turek, S.: Efficient Solvers for Incompressible Flow Problems: An Algorithmic and Computational Approach. Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, vol. 6. Springer, Berlin (1999)
Turek, S., et al.: FEATFLOW: finite element software for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. User manual, University of Dortmund (2000). http://www.featflow.de
Turek, S., Becker, C., Kilian, S.: Hardware-oriented numerics and concepts for PDE software. Future 1095, 1–23 (2003)
Turek, S., Becker, C., Kilian, S.: Some concepts of the software package FEAST. In: Palma, J.M., Dongarra, J., Hernandes, V. (eds.) VECPAR’98—Third International Conference for Vector and Parallel Processing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin (1999)
Turek, S., Göddeke, D., Buijssen, S., Wobker, H.: Hardware-oriented multigrid finite element solvers on (GPU)-accelerated clusters. In: Kurzak, J., Bader, D.A., Dongarra, J. (eds.) Scientific Computing with Multicore and Accelerators, pp. 113–130. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2010). Chap. 6
Turek, S., Hron, J., Razzaq, M., Wobker, H., Schäfer, M.: Numerical Benchmarking of Fluid-Structure Interaction: A Comparison of Different Discretization and Solution Approaches. In: Bungartz, H.-J., Mehl, M., Schäfer, M. (eds.) Fluid Structure Interaction II: Modelling, Simulation, Optimization. Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, vol. 73, pp. 413–424. Springer, Berlin (2010)
Turek, S., Kilian, S.: An example for parallel ScaRC and its application to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. In: Proc. ENUMATH’97. World Scientific, Singapore (1998)
Turek, S., Mierka, O., Hysing, S., Kuzmin, D.: Numerical study of a high order 3D FEM-level set approach for immiscible flow simulation. Submitted to Proceedings of the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Analysis and Optimization (June 9–11, 2011, Jyväskylä, Finland)
Turek, S., Ouazzi, A.: Unified edge-oriented stabilization of nonconforming FEM for incompressible flow problems: Numerical investigations. J. Numer. Math. 15, 299–322 (2007)
Turek, S., Schmachtel, R.: Fully coupled and operator-splitting approaches for natural convection. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 40, 1109–1119 (2002)
van der Pijl, S.P., Segal, A., Vuik, C.: A mass-conserving level-set method for modelling of multi-phase flows. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 47, 339–361 (2005)
Van Dyke, M.: An Album of Fluid Motion. The Parabolic Press, Stanford (1982)
Vanka, S.P.: Implicit multigrid solutions of Navier–Stokes equations in primitive variables. J. Comput. Phys. 65, 138–158 (1985)
Van Kan, J.: A second-order accurate pressure–correction scheme for viscous incompressible flow. SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. 7, 870–891 (1986)
Van Sint Annaland, M.S., Deen, N.G., Kuipers, J.A.M.: Numerical simulation of gas bubbles behaviour using a three-dimensional volume of fluid method. Chem. Eng. Sci. 60, 2999–3011 (2005)
Ville, L., Silva, L., Coupez, T.: Convected level set method for the numerical simulation of fluid buckling. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 66, 324–344 (2011)
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Shu-Ren Hysing, Otto Mierka, and Evren Bayraktar (TU Dortmund) for contributing their results. The collaboration with Prof. Peter Walzel (TU Dortmund) and Sulzer Chemtech Ltd is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Turek, S., Kuzmin, D. (2012). Algebraic Flux Correction III. In: Kuzmin, D., Löhner, R., Turek, S. (eds) Flux-Corrected Transport. Scientific Computation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4038-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4038-9_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-4037-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-4038-9
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)