Skip to main content
  • 513 Accesses

Abstract

Chapter 13 presents and interprets numbers and statistics in relation to the British, Scottish and Shetland heroin trends and analyses these data.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agar, M. (1999). How to ask for a study in qualitatisch. Qualitative Health Research, 9(5), 684–697.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar, S., & South, N. (2000). Hidden from heroin’s history: Heroin use and dealing within an English Asian community – a case study. In M. Natarajan & M. Hough (Eds.), Illegal drugs markets: From research to prevention policy. New York: Criminal Justice Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brownstein, H. H., & Taylor, B. G. (2007). Measuring the stability of illicit drug markets: Why does it matter? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 90(Suppl 1), 52–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatterton, M., Gibson, G., Gilman, M., Godfrey, C., Sutton, M., & Wright, A. (1995). Performance indicators for local anti-drugs strategies: A preliminary analysis (Crime detection and prevention series, Vol. 62). London: Home Office Police Research Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coomber, R. (2004). Editorial: Drug use and drug market intersections. Addiction Research and Theory, 12(6), 501–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, R. (2003). Crack, cocaine and heroin: Drug eras in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, 1960–2000. Addiction Research and Theory, 11(1), 47–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, R., & Wendel, T. (2000). Toward the development of a typology of illegal drug markets. In M. Natarajan & M. Hough (Eds.), Illegal drug markets: From research to prevention policy. New York: Criminal Justice Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorn, N., Oette, L., & White, S. (1998). Drugs importation and the bifurcation of risk. British Journal of Criminology, 38, 537–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, M. (1982). Essays in the sociology of perception. London: Routledge, Kegan and Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffy, M., Schafer, N., Coomber, R., & O’Connell, L. (2007). “It’s a social thing”: Cannabis supply and young people. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edmunds, M., Hough, M. & Urquia, N. (1996). Tackling local drug markets. (Crime prevention initiative paper No. 80). Police Research Group: Home Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edmunds, M., Hough, M., Turnbull, P. J., & May, T. (1999). Doing justice to treatment: Referring offenders to drug services (Drugs prevention advisory paper, Vol. 2). London: Drugs Prevention Advisory Service/Home Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grund, J.-P. C. (1993). Drug use as a social ritual: Functionality, symbolism and determinants of self-regulation. Rotterdam: IVO Reeks.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamid, A. (1998). Drugs in America. Gaithersburg: Aspen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, B. D., Dunlap, E., & Tourigny, S. C. (2000). Crack distribution and abuse in New York. In M. Natarajan & M. Hough (Eds.), Illegal drugs markets: From research to prevention policy. New York: Criminal Justice Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lalander, P. (2003). Hooked on heroin: Drugs and drifters in a globalized world. Oxford/New York: Berg/Oxford International Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matrix Knowledge Group. (2007). The illicit drug trade in the United Kingdom (Home office online report, Vol. 20/07). London: Home Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, T., & Hough, M. (2004). Drug markets and distribution systems. Addiction Research & Theory, 12(6), 549–563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May, T., Edmunds, M., & Hough, M. (1999). Street business: The links between sex and drug markets (Crime prevention and detection series paper, Vol. 118). London: Policing and Reducing Crime Unit/Home Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, T., Harocopos, A., Turnbull, P. J., & Hough, M. (2000). Serving up: The impact of low-level police enforcement on drug markets. (Police Research Series Paper 133). London: Home Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, T., Harocopos, A., & Turnbull, P. J. (2001a). Selling Sex in the city: An evaluation of a targeted arrest referral scheme for sex workers in Kings Cross. London: DPAS/Home Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, T., Harocopos, A., Turnbull, P. J., & Hough, M. (2001b). Serving up: The impact of low level police inforcement on drug markets (Crime prevention and detection series paper, Vol. 133). London: Policing and Reducing Crime Unit/Home Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • McSweeney, T., Turnbull, P. J., & Hough, M. (2008). The treatment and supervision of drug dependent offenders: A review of the literature prepared for the UK Drug Policy Commission. London: UK Drug Policy Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Natarajan, M., & Belanger, M. (1998). Varieties of drug trafficking organizations: A typology of cases prosecuted in New York City. Journal of Drug Issues, 28(4), 1005–1026.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Kelly, F. D., Bury, G., Cullen, B., & Dean, G. (1988). The rise and fall of heroin use in an inner city area of Dublin. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 157(2), 35–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). (1997). Pulse check national trends in drug abuse. Washington, DC: Office of National Drug Control Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, H., Aldridge, J., & Measham, F. (1998). Illegal leisure. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, G., & Hobbs, D. (2004). ‘E’ is for enterprise: Middle level drug markets in ecstasy and stimulants. Addiction Research & Theory, 12(6), 565–576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, S. (1992). Cultural theory and risk analysis. In S. Krimsky & D. Golding (Eds.), Social theories of risk. London: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruggiero, V., & South, N. (1995). Eurodrugs, drug use, markets and trafficking Europe. London: ULC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, M., & Thompson, M. (1990). Divided we stand: Redefining politics, technology and social choice. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spunt, B. (2003). The current New York City heroin scene. Substance Use & Misuse, 38(10), 1539–1549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research. London: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tansey, J., & O’Riordan, T. (1999). Cultural theory and risk: A review. Health, Risk and Society, 1, 71–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, S., & Chin, K. (2003). The declining significance of triad societies in transnational illegal activities. British Journal of Criminology, 43(3), 469–488.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stallwitz, A. (2012). Explaining Drug Markets and Distribution Systems. In: The Role of Community-Mindedness in the Self-Regulation of Drug Cultures. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3861-4_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics