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Birth of Mortalin: Multiple Names, Niches and Functions Connecting Stress, Senescence and Cancer

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Mortalin Biology: Life, Stress and Death

Abstract

The mitochondrion, arising from the historical endosymbiosis during the stressful period of the Great Oxidation Event 2.4 billion years ago, marks the existence of all eukaryotes. Retaining only a handful of genes from its ancestral symbiont and yet performing life-essential tasks, it is heavily dependent on the nucleus and a consortium of stress chaperones that maintain its structural and functional integrity by regulation of transport of the nuclear-encoded proteins, their quality control by chaperoning and proteolysis, and energy-generation as a part of their housekeeping and stress-survival functions. Mortalin, first identified in 1993 from cell fusion studies as a marker of mortal cell phenotype, was characterized as an Hsp70 family stress chaperone based on its sequence homology. Nearly two decades of experimental data have revealed its residence beyond the mitochondrial boundaries, life essential functions in and outside the mitochondria and those that specifically promote carcinogenesis on one hand and neurodegeneration on the other. Aimed to portrait mortalin characteristics, both in structure and function and drive the mortalin biology to drug discovery, this chapter reviews the events leading to its identification and role in old age diseases including cancer along with its possibility of being a therapeutic target.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, 305-8562, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Renu Wadhwa & Sunil C. Kaul

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  1. Renu Wadhwa
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  2. Sunil C. Kaul
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Correspondence to Renu Wadhwa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Advanced Industria, Central 4, Higashi 1 -1-1, Tsukuba, 305 8566, Ibaraki, Japan

    Sunil C. Kaul

  2. Science & Technology (AIST), National Insitute of Advanced Industrial, Central 4, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8562, Ibaraki, Japan

    Renu Wadhwa

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Wadhwa, R., Kaul, S.C. (2012). Birth of Mortalin: Multiple Names, Niches and Functions Connecting Stress, Senescence and Cancer. In: Kaul, S., Wadhwa, R. (eds) Mortalin Biology: Life, Stress and Death. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3027-4_1

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