Skip to main content

Human Hair Follicle Stem Cells: Markers, Selection and Prospective Clinical Applications

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 4

Part of the book series: Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells ((STEM,volume 4))

Abstract

Since the hair follicle undergoes cycles of degeneration and regeneration throughout life, it has been assumed that hair follicle growth is controlled by stem cells. Currently, the best characterized hair follicle stem cell population is the bulge stem cell which resides in a discrete microenvironment called the bulge. Bulge stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into all epithelial components of the hair follicle, and also participate in the repair of the skin after injury. The ability to purify and culture human hair follicle bulge stem cells offers fascinating therapeutic potential for alopecia as well as for epithelial tissue engineering.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abbas O, Mahalingam M (2009) Epidermal stem cells: practical perspectives and potential uses. Br J Dermatol 161:228–236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amoh Y, Li L, Katsuoka K, Penman S, Hoffman RM (2005) Multipotent nestin-positive, keratin-negative hair-follicle bulge stem cells can form neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:5530–5534

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanpain C, Lowry WE, Geoghegan A, Polak L, Fuchs E (2004) Self-renewal, multipotency, and the existence of two cell populations within an epithelial stem cell niche. Cell 118:635–648

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blazejewska EA, Schlotzer-Schrehardt U, Zenkel M, Bachmann B, Chankiewitz E, Jacobi C, Kruse FE (2009) Corneal limbal microenvironment can induce transdifferentiation of hair follicle stem cells into corneal epithelial-like cells. Stem Cells 27:642–652

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cotsarelis G (2006) Gene expression profiling gets to the root of human hair follicle stem cells. J Clin Invest 116:19–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cotsarelis G, Sun TT, Lavker RM (1990) Label-retaining cells reside in the bulge area of pilosebaceous unit: implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis. Cell 61:1329–1337

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallico GG 3rd, O’Connor NE, Compton CC, Kehinde O, Green H (1984) Permanent coverage of large burn wounds with autologous cultured human epithelium. N Engl J Med 311:448–451

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garza LA, Yang CC, Zhao T, Blatt HB, Lee M, He H, Stanton DC, Carrasco L, Spiegel JH, Tobias JW, Cotsarelis G (2011) Bald scalp in men with androgenetic alopecia retains hair follicle stem cells but lacks CD200-rich and CD34-positive hair follicle progenitor cells. J Clin Invest 121:613–622

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghazizadeh S, Taichman LB (2001) Multiple classes of stem cells in cutaneous epithelium: a lineage analysis of adult mouse skin. EMBO J 20:1215–1222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greco V, Chen T, Rendl M, Schober M, Pasolli HA, Stokes N, Dela Cruz-Racelis J, Fuchs E (2009) A two-step mechanism for stem cell activation during hair regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 4:155–169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harries MJ, Paus R (2010) The pathogenesis of primary cicatricial alopecias. Am J Pathol 177:2152–2162

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoang MP, Keady M, Mahalingam M (2009) Stem cell markers (cytokeratin 15, CD34 and nestin) in primary scarring and nonscarring alopecia. Br J Dermatol 160:609–615

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu YC, Pasolli HA, Fuchs E (2011) Dynamics between stem cells, niche, and progeny in the hair follicle. Cell 144:92–105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue K, Aoi N, Sato T, Yamauchi Y, Suga H, Eto H, Kato H, Araki J, Yoshimura K (2009) Differential expression of stem-cell-associated markers in human hair follicle epithelial cells. Lab Invest 89:844–856

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito M, Kizawa K, Hamada K, Cotsarelis G (2004) Hair follicle stem cells in the lower bulge form the secondary germ, a biochemically distinct but functionally equivalent progenitor cell population, at the termination of catagen. Differentiation 72:548–557

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ito M, Liu Y, Yang Z, Nguyen J, Liang F, Morris RJ, Cotsarelis G (2005) Stem cells in the hair follicle bulge contribute to wound repair but not to homeostasis of the epidermis. Nat Med 11:1351–1354

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang S, Zhao L, Purandare B, Hantash BM (2010) Differential expression of stem cell markers in human follicular bulge and interfollicular epidermal compartments. Histochem Cell Biol 133:455–465

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy V, Lindon C, Harfe BD, Morgan BA (2005) Distinct stem cell populations regenerate the follicle and interfollicular epidermis. Dev Cell 9:855–861

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy V, Lindon C, Zheng Y, Harfe BD, Morgan BA (2007) Epidermal stem cells arise from the hair follicle after wounding. FASEB J 21:1358–1366

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Lyle S, Yang Z, Cotsarelis G (2003) Keratin 15 promoter targets putative epithelial stem cells in the hair follicle bulge. J Invest Dermatol 121:963–968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyle S, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Liu Y, Elder DE, Albelda S, Cotsarelis G (1998) The C8/144B monoclonal antibody recognizes cytokeratin 15 and defines the location of human hair follicle stem cells. J Cell Sci 111:3179–3188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer-Blazejewska EA, Call MK, Yamanaka O, Liu H, Schlotzer-Schrehardt U, Kruse FE, Kao WW (2011) From hair to cornea: toward the therapeutic use of hair follicle-derived stem cells in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. Stem Cells 29:57–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mobini N, Tam S, Kamino H (2005) Possible role of the bulge region in the pathogenesis of inflammatory scarring alopecia: lichen planopilaris as the prototype. J Cutan Pathol 32:675–679

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morris RJ, Liu Y, Marles L, Yang Z, Trempus C, Li S, Lin JS, Sawicki JA, Cotsarelis G (2004) Capturing and profiling adult hair follicle stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 22:411–417

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navsaria HA, Ojeh NO, Moiemen N, Griffiths MA, Frame JD (2004) Reepithelialization of a full-thickness burn from stem cells of hair follicles micrografted into a tissue-engineered dermal template (Integra). Plast Reconstr Surg 113:978–981

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oh JH, Mohebi P, Farkas DL, Tajbakhsh J (2011) Towards expansion of human hair follicle stem cells in vitro. Cell Prolif 44:244–253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama M, Terunuma A, Tock CL, Radonovich MF, Pise-Masison CA, Hopping SB, Brady JN, Udey MC, Vogel JC (2006) Characterization and isolation of stem cell-enriched human hair follicle bulge cells. J Clin Invest 116:249–260

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rochat A, Kobayashi K, Barrandon Y (1994) Location of stem cells of human hair follicles by clonal analysis. Cell 76:1063–1073

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ronfard V, Rives JM, Neveux Y, Carsin H, Barrandon Y (2000) Long-term regeneration of human epidermis on third degree burns transplanted with autologous cultured epithelium grown on a fibrin matrix. Transplantation 70:1588–1598

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblum MD, Olasz EB, Yancey KB, Woodliff JE, Lazarova Z, Gerber KA, Truitt RL (2004) Expression of CD200 on epithelial cells of the murine hair follicle: a role in tissue-specific immune tolerance? J Invest Dermatol 123:880–887

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schirren CG, Burgdorf WH, Sander CA, Plewig G (1997) Fetal and adult hair follicle. An immunohistochemical study of anticytokeratin antibodies in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. Am J Dermatopathol 19:335–340

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stenn KS, Paus R (2001) Controls of hair follicle cycling. Physiol Rev 81:449–494

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor G, Lehrer MS, Jensen PJ, Sun TT, Lavker RM (2000) Involvement of follicular stem cells in forming not only the follicle but also the epidermis. Cell 102:451–461

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trempus CS, Morris RJ, Bortner CD, Cotsarelis G, Faircloth RS, Reece JM, Tennant RW (2003) Enrichment for living murine keratinocytes from the hair follicle bulge with the cell surface marker CD34. J Invest Dermatol 120:501–511

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Mater D, Kolligs FT, Dlugosz AA, Fearon ER (2003) Transient activation of beta-catenin signaling in cutaneous keratinocytes is sufficient to trigger the active growth phase of the hair cycle in mice. Genes Dev 17:1219–1224

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Basil M. Hantash .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zhao, L., Hantash, B.M. (2012). Human Hair Follicle Stem Cells: Markers, Selection and Prospective Clinical Applications. In: Hayat, M. (eds) Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 4. Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2828-8_17

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics