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Epigenetic Epidemiology of Inflammation and Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Caroline Ospelt
  • Steffen Gay
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

The field of epigenetic research has evolved dramatically in recent years and has given valuable insight in regulation and dysregulation of gene expression in health and disease. The knowledge of the mechanisms controlling epigenetic changes increased and in more and more diseases a role for epigenetics could be found. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune disease which leads to joint destruction but also affects other tissues and organs. Its etiology is not yet clarified, but a combination of the genetic background and environmental factors is proposed to trigger the onset of the disease. Epigenetic changes might be the link between non-genetic risk factors and development of symptoms. Changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications have been detected in patients with RA and have been found to promote inflammation and joint destruction. Future studies will have to show which epigenetic changes are causative factors and which are induced at a later stage by the chronic inflammatory environment seen in the disease. This knowledge holds the potential for new preventive, predictive and therapeutic opportunities in RA.

Keywords

Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient Transposable Element Histone Modification Epigenetic Change 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Abbreviations

ACPA

anti-citrullinated peptide auto-antibodies

DNMT

DNA methyltransferase

EBV

Epstein Barr virus

H3

histone 3

H4

histone 4

HAT

histone acetylases

HDACs

histone deacetylases

HERV

human endogenous retrovirus

IGF

Insulin-like growth factor

IL

interleukin

MHC

major histocompatibility complex

PBMCs

peripheral blood mononuclear cells

RA

rheumatoid arthritis

SFN

Sulforaphane

SLE

systemic lupus erythematodes

TLRs

Toll-like receptors

Xi

inactivated X chromosome

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© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Center of Experimental Rheumatology and Center of Human Integrative PhysiologyUniversity Hospital ZürichZürichSwitzerland

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