Abstract
Tumors are composed of diverse types of cells that exhibit distinct morphologies and biological phenotypes; these characteristics are significantly relevant to therapeutic effects of tumors. Although tumor heterogeneity has been classically explained by the stochastic clonal evolution model, recent evidence has revived an alternative tumor stem cell (TSC) hierarchy model, which hypothesizes that tumors contain a rare subset of stem-like cells that can differentiate into multiple lineages for the architecture of tumors. TSCs are highly tumorigenic, metastatic, chemo/radiation-resistant, and are characterized by elevated expression of cell surface antigen CD133 in many, if not all, human neoplasms. CD133 expression is regulated by several extrinsic factors, including TGF-β or environmental conditions (e.g., hypoxia), and possibly via Ras/ERK-dependent signaling pathways through alternative promoters, which suggests multi-directional regulation of TSC features and tumor stemness. A comprehensive understanding of molecular and cellular networks that govern CD133-expressing tumor cells could help to elucidate TSC stemness and contribute to the development of more effective cancer therapies.
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Tabu, K., Taga, T., Tanaka, S. (2012). Tumor Stem Cells: CD133 Gene Regulation and Tumor Stemness. In: Hayat, M. (eds) Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 2. Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2016-9_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2016-9_16
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