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Use of Crop Plants for Removal of Toxic Metals

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Biomanagement of Metal-Contaminated Soils

Part of the book series: Environmental Pollution ((EPOL,volume 20))

Abstract

Phytoextraction is an environmentally sound and cost-effective technology for cleaning up soils contaminated with toxic metals. The success of phytoextraction depends on the ability of plants to produce large amounts of biomass. In addition, plants must be tolerant to the target metals and be efficient to translocate metals from roots to the aboveground organs. The effectiveness of phytoextraction also depends upon site and metal species. However, the amount of metals extracted by plants is basically decided by (1) the metal concentration in dry plant tissues and (2) the total biomass of the plant. Certain varieties of high-biomass crops have been found to have the ability to clean up the contaminated soils. The major advantage of using crop plants for phytoextraction is the known growth requirements and well-established cultural practices. One of the most promising, and perhaps widely studied crop plant for the extraction of heavy metals is Indian mustard. Other crops like sweet sorghum, oat, barley, maize, and sunflower are also reported to accumulate toxic metals. As established cultural practices may not elicit the same plant response as observed under non-contaminated conditions, attention must be paid on developing suitable agronomic practices to optimize the growth of plants even under contaminated conditions. Further, a coordinated effort is required to collect and preserve germplasm of accumulator species where molecular engineering can play a key role in developing engineered plants capable of cleaning up contaminated soils and commercializing phytoextraction strategies.

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  1. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka

    K. K. I. U. Aruna Kumara

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  1. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Mohammad Saghir Khan

  2. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Almas Zaidi

  3. , Department of Microbiology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agricu, Pantnagar, 263145, India

    Reeta Goel

  4. , Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Javed Musarrat

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Kumara, K.K.I.U.A. (2011). Use of Crop Plants for Removal of Toxic Metals. In: Khan, M., Zaidi, A., Goel, R., Musarrat, J. (eds) Biomanagement of Metal-Contaminated Soils. Environmental Pollution, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1914-9_19

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