Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Fractionation in Foraminifera: Possible Signatures from Anoxia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Anoxia

Part of the book series: Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology ((COLE,volume 21))

Abstract

Our study aims to record carbon and nitrogen isotopic fractionations in Foraminifera recovered from the sulfidic and long term anoxic environment of the Namibian diatomaceous mud belt. Two species which can be considered facultative anaerobes were investigated, Virgulinella fragilis Grindell and Collen and Nonionella stella Cushman and Moyer. The former species shelters presumably chemotrophic bacteria as endosymbionts and utilizes electron acceptors other than dissolved oxygen (Bernhard 2003; Tsuchia et al. 2006), and the latter species accumulates large quantities of intracellular nitrate for denitrification (Risgaard-Petersen et al. 2006; Høgslund 2008; Høgslund et al. 2008) and sequesters chloroplasts (Bernhard and Bowser 1999; Grzymski et al. 2002).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

 References

  • Adams TS, Sterner RW (2000) The effect of dietary nitrogen content on trophic level 15N enrichment. Limnol Oceanogr 45:601–607

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altenbach AV (1985) Die Biomasse der benthischen Foraminiferen. – Auswertungen von Meteor-Expeditionen im östlichen Nordatlantik. PhD thesis, Math.-Nat. Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel

    Google Scholar 

  • Altenbach AV (1987) The measurement of organic carbon in foraminifera. J Foraminifer Res 17:106–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Altenbach AV, Gaulke M (2011) Did redox conditions trigger test templates in Proterozoic Foraminifera? In: Altenbach AV, Bernhard JM, Seckbach J (eds) Anoxia: Evidence for Eukaryote Survival and Paleontological Strategies. Springer, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Altenbach AV, Sarnthein M (1988) Productivity record in benthic Foraminifera. In: Berger WH, Smetacek V, Wefer G (eds) Productivity of the ocean: past and present. Wiley, Chichester, pp 255–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Altenbach AV, Struck U, Graml M, Emeis K-C (2002) The genus Virgulinella in oxygen deficient, oligotrophic, or polluted sediments. In: Revets SA (ed) FORAMS 2002 international symposium on foraminifera, Volume of Abstracts, vol 1. The University of Western Australia, Perth, p 20

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahlmann E, Bernasconi SM, Bouillon S, Houtekamer M, Korntheuer M, Langenberg F, Mayr C, Metzke M, Middelburg JJ, Nagel B, Struck U, Voss M, Emeis K (2009) Performance evaluation of nitrogen isotope ratio determination in marine and lacustrine sediments: an inter-laboratory comparison. Org Geochem 41:3–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barber RT, Marra J, Bidigare RC, Codispoti LA, Halpern D, Johnson Z, Latasa M, Goericke R, Smith SL (2001) Primary productivity and its regulation in the Arabian Sea during 1995. Deep-Sea Res II 48:1127–1172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barlow R, Lamont T, Mitchell-Innes B, Lucas M, Thomalla S (2009) Primary production in the ­Benguela ecosystem, 1999–2002. Afr J Mar Sci 31:97–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baturin GN (2002) Manganese and molybdenium in phosphorites from the Ocean. Lithol Miner Resour 37:412–428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann M, Dannheim J, Bauerfeind E, Klages M (2009) Trophic relationships along a bathymetric gradient at the deep-sea observatory HAUSGARTEN. Deep-Sea Res I 56:408–424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernhard JM (2003) Potential symbionts in bathyal foraminifera. Science 299:861

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernhard JM, Bowser SS (1999) Benthic Foraminifera of dysoxic sediments: chloroplast sequestration and functional morphology. Earth-Sci Rev 46:149–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernhard JM, Bowser SS (2008) Peroxisome proliferation in foraminifera inhabiting the chemocline: an adaptation to reactive oxygen species exposure? J Eukaryot Microbiol 55:135–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernhard JM, Ostermann DS, Williams DS, Blanks JK (2006) Comparison of two methods to identify live benthic foraminifera: a test between Rose Bengal and CellTracker Green with implications for stable isotope paleoreconstructions. Paleoceanography 21: doi:10.1029/2006PA001290

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernhard JM, Goldstein ST, Bowser SS (2010) An ectobiont-bearing foraminiferan, Bolivina pacifica, that inhabits microxic pore waters: cell-biological and paleoceanographic insights. Environ Microbiol 12:2107–2119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blumenberg M, Seifert R, Reitner J, Pape T, Michaelis W (2004) Membrane lipid patterns typify distinct anaerobic methanotrophic consortia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:11111–11116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bremner JM (1980) Concretionary phosphorite from SW Africa. J Geol Soc London 137:773–786

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bremner JM (1983) Biogenic sediments on the South West African (Namibian) continental margin. In: Suess E, Thiede J (eds) Coastal upwelling. Plenum, New York, pp 73–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Broecker WS, Peng T-H (1982) Tracers in the sea. Eldigio Press, Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Brüchert V, Currie B, Peard KR (2009) Hydrogen sulphide and methane emissions on the central Namibian shelf. Prog Oceanogr 83:169–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunn SE, Loneragan NR, Kempster MA (1995) Effects of acid washing on stable-isotope ratios of C and N in penaeid shrimp and seagrass – implications for food-web studies using multiple stable isotopes. Limnol Oceanogr 40:622–625

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dale AW, Brüchert V, Alperin M, Regnier P (2009) An integrated sulfur model for Namibian shelf sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73:1924–1944

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dannheim J, Struck U, Brey T (2007) Does sample bulk freezing affect stable isotope ratios of infaunal macrozoobenthos? J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 351:27–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeLaca TE, Bernhard JM, Reilly AA, Bowser SS (2002) Notodendrodes hyalinosphaira (sp. nov.): structure and autecology of an allogromiid-like agglutinated foraminifer. J Foram Res 32:177–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demopoulos AWJ, Gualtieri D, Kovacs K (2010) Food-web structure of seep sediment macrobenthos from the Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Res II 57:1972–1981

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diz P, Frances G (2008) Distribution of live benthic foraminifera in the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain). Mar Micropaleontol 66:165–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emeis K-C, Brüchert V, Currie B, Endler R, Ferdelman T, Kiessling A, Leipe T, Noli-Peard K, Struck U, Vogt T (2004) Shallow gas in shelf sediments of the Namibian coastal upwelling ecosystem. Cont Shelf Res 24:627–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emeis K-C, Struck U, Leipe T, Ferdelman TG (2009) Variability in upwelling intensity and nutrient regime in the coastal upwelling system offshore Namibia: results from sediment archives. Int J Earth Sci 98:309–326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erbacher J, Nelskamp S (2006) Comparison of benthic foraminifera inside and outside a sulphur-oxidizing bacterial mat from the present oxygen-minimum zone off Pakistan (NE Arabian Sea). Deep-Sea Res I 53:751–775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faure G (1986) Principles of isotope geology, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, 589 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Froelich PN (1980) Analysis of organic carbon in marine sediments. Limnol Oceanogr 25:564–572

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goni M, Aceves H, Benitez-Nelson B, Tappa E, Thunell R, Black D, Muller-Karger F, Astor Y, Varela R (2009) Oceanographic and climatologic controls on the compositions and fluxes of biogenic materials in the water column and sediments of the Cariaco basin over the late Holocene. Deep-Sea Res I 56:614–640

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gooday AJ, Nomaki H, Kitazatao H (2008) Modern deep-sea foraminifera: a brief review of their morphology-based diversity and trophic diversity. In: Austin WEN, James RH (eds) Biogeochemical controls on palaeoceanographic environmental proxies. Geological Society London, Special Publication, 303, London, pp 97–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman EL (1984) Carbon fractionation in live benthic foraminifera – comparison with inorganic precipitate studies. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:1505–1512

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman EL (1987) Stable isotopes in modern benthic foraminifera: a study of vital effect. J Foraminifer Res 17:48–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grzymski J, Schofield OM, Falkowski PG, Bernhard JM (2002) The function of plastids in the deep-sea benthic foraminifer, Nonionella stella. Limnol Oceanogr 47:1569–1580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001) PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontol Electron 4(1):9

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill TM, Kennet JP, Valentine DL (2004) Isotopic evidence for the incorporation of methane-derived carbon into foraminifera from modern methane seeps, Hydrate Ridge, Northeast Pacific. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:4619–4627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinrichs K-W, Hayes JM, Sylva SP, Brewer PG, DeLong EF (1999) Methane-consuming archaebacteris in marine sediments. Nature 398:802–805

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Høgslund S (2008) Nitrate storage as an adaptation to benthic life. PhD thesis, Dept. Biol. Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark

    Google Scholar 

  • Høgslund S, Revsbech N, Cedhagen T, Nielsen L, Gallardo V (2008) Denitrification, nitrate turnover, and aerobic respiration by benthic foraminiferans in the oxygen minimum zone off Chile. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 359:85–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iken K, Brey T, Wand U, Voigt J, Junghans P (2001) Food web structure of the benthic community at the Porcupine abyssal plain (NE Atlantic): a stable isotope analysis. Prog Oceanogr 50:383–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katz ME, Cramer BS, Franzese A, Honisch B, Miller KG, Rosenthal Y, Wright JD (2010) Traditional and emerging geochemical proxies in foraminifera. J Foram Res 40:165–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy P, Kennedy H, Papadimitriou S (2005) The effect of acidification on the determination of organic carbon, total nitrogen and their stable isotopic composition in algae and marine sediment. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19:1063–1068

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler JD, Reeburgh WS, Tyler SC (2006) Controls on methane concentration and stable isotope (delta H-2-CH4 and delta C-13-CH4) distributions in the water columns of the Black Sea and Cariaco Basin. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 20, GB4004: doi:10.1029/2005GB002571

    Google Scholar 

  • King K (1977) Amino acid survey of recent calcareous and siliceous deep-sea microfossils. Micropaleontology 23:180–193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King KJ, Hare PE (1972) Amino acid composition of planctonic foraminifera: a paleobiochemical approach to evolution. Science 175:1461–1463

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laureillard J, Mejanelle L, Sibuet M (2004) Use of lipids to study the trophic ecology of deep-sea xenophyophores. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 270:129–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lavik G, Stührmann T, Brüchert V, Van der Plas A, Mohrholz V, Lam P, Mußmann M, Fuchs BM, Amann R, Lass U, Kuypers MMM (2009) Detoxification of sulphidic African shelf waters by blooming chemolithotrophs. Nature 457:581–585

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lecroq B, Gooday AJ, Tsuchiya M, Pawlowski J (2009) A new genus of xenophyophores (Foraminifera) from Japan Trench: morphological description, molecular phylogeny and elemental analysis. Zool J Linn Soc 156:455–464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leiter C (2008) Benthos-Foraminiferen in Extremhabitaten: auswertung von METEOR-Expeditionen vor Namibia. PhD, Faculty of Geosciences, LMU Munich, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Leiter C, Altenbach AV (2010) Benthic Foraminifera from the diatomaceous mud belt off Namibia: characteristic species for severe anoxia. Palaeontologica Electronica 13(2):11A, 19 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Loncaric N, van Iperen J, Kroon D, Brummer G-JA (2007) Seasonal export and sediment preservation of diatomaceous, foraminiferal and organic matter mass fluxes in a trophic gradient across the SE Atlantic. Prog Oceanogr 73:27–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutze GF, Altenbach AV (1991) Technik und Signifikanz der Lebendfärbung benthischer Foraminiferen mit Bengal-Rosa. Geol Jahrbuch Reihe A128:251–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackensen A, Wollenburg J, Licari L (2006) Low delta C-13 in tests of live epibenthic and endobenthic foraminifera at a site of active methane seepage. Paleoceanography 21: PA2022. doi: 10.1029/2005PA001196

    Google Scholar 

  • McCorkle D, Emerson SR (1988) The relationship between pore water carbon isotopic composition and bottom water oxygen concentration. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:1169–1178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCorkle DC, Keigwin LD, Corliss BH, Emerson SR (1990) The influence of microhabitats on the carbon isotopic composition of deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Paleoceonography 5:161–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCorkle DC, Corliss BH, Farnham CA (1997) Vertical distributions and stable isotopic compositions of live (stained) benthic foraminifera from the North Carolina and California continental margin. Deep-Sea Res I 44:983–1024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCutchan JH, Lewis WM, Kendall C, McGrath CC (2003) Variation in trophic shift for stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Oikos 102:378–390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mill AC, Sweeting CJ, Barnes C, Al-Habsi SH, MacNeil A (2008) Masspectrometer bias in stable isotope ecology. Limnol Oceanogr Methods 6:34–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohrholz V, Bartholomae CH, van der Plas AK, Lass HU (2008) The seasonal variability of the northern Benguela undercurrent and its relation to the oxygen budget on the shelf. Cont Shelf Res 28:424–441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moodley L, Middelburg JJ, Boschker HTS, Duineveld GCA, Pel R, Herman PMJ, Heip CHR (2002) Bacteria and Foraminifera: key players in a short-term deep-sea response to phytodetritus. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 236:23–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Needoba JA, Sigman DM, Harrison PJ (2004) The mechanism of isotope fractionation during algal nitrate assimilation as illustrated by the 15N/14N of intracellular nitrate. J Phycology 40:517–522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nomaki H, Ogawa N, Ohkouchi N, Suga H, Toyofuku T, Shimanaga M, Nakatsuka T, Kitazato H (2008) Benthic foraminifera as trophic links between phytodetritus and benthic metazoans: carbon and nitrogen isotopic evidence. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 357:153–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panieri G (2006) Foraminiferal response to an active methane seep environment: a case study from the Adriatic Sea. Mar Micropaleontol 61:116–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson BJ, Fry B (1987) Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 18:293–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piña-Ochoa E, Høgslund S, Geslin E, Cedhagen T, Revsbech NP, Nielsen LP, Schweizer M, Jorissen F, Rysgaard S, Risgaard-Petersen N (2010) Widespread occurrence of nitrate storage and denitrification among Foraminifera and Gromiida. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:1148–1153

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathburn AE, Levin LA, Held Z, Lohmann KC (2000) Benthic foraminifera associated with cold methane seeps on the northern California margin: ecology and stable isotopic composition. Mar Micropaleontol 38:247–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rathburn AE, Perez EM, Martin JB, Day SA, Mahn C, Gieskes J, Ziebis W (2003) Relationships between the distribution and stable isotopic composition of living benthic foraminifera and cold methane seep biogeochemistry in Monterey Bay, California. Geochem Geophys Geosys 4:1–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson K, Cedhagen T (2001) Quantifying pelagic-benthic coupling in the North Sea: are we asking the right questions? Senckenb marit 31:215–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Risgaard-Petersen N, Langezaal AM, Ingvardsen S, Schmid MC, Jetten MSM, Op den Camp HJM, Derksen JWM, Pina-Ochoa E, Eriksson SP, Nielsen LP, Revsbech NP, Cedhagen T, van der Zwaan GJ (2006) Evidence for complete denitrification in a benthic foraminifer. Nature 443:93–96

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan KP, Knoll G (1994) Time-resolved cryofixation methods for the study of dynamic cellular events by electron-microscopy – a review. Scanning Microsc 8:259–288

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz HN, Brinkhoff T, Ferdelman TG, Hernandez Marine M, Teske A, Jorgensen BB (1999) Dense populations of a ginat sulfur bacterium in Namibian shelf sediments. Science 284:493–495

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scranton MI, Crill P, Deangelis MA, Donaghay PL, Sieburth JM (1993) The Importance of episodic events in controlling the flux of methane from an anoxic basin. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 7:491–507

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serrano O, Serrano L, Mateo MA (2008) Effects of sample pre-treatment on the δ13C and δ18O values of living benthic foraminifera. Chem Geol 257:221–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd AS, Rathburn AE, Perez EM (2007) Living foraminiferal assemblages from the Southern California margin: a comparison of the  >  150, 63–150, and  >  63 μm fractions. Mar Micropal 65:54–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith KL, Kaufmann RS, Baldwin RJ, Carlucci AF (2001) Pelagic-benthic coupling in the abyssal eastern North Pacific: an 8-year time-series study of food supply and demand. Limnol Oceanogr 46:543–556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spero HJ, Lea DW (1996) Experimental determination of stable isotope variability in Globigerina bulloides: implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions. Mar Micropaleontol 28:231–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Struck U, Altenbach AV, Emeis K-C, Alheit J, Eichner C, Schneider R (2002) Changes of the upwelling rates of nitrate preserved in the d15N signature of sediments and fish scales from the diatomaceous mud belt of Namibia. Geobios 35:3–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suess E (1980) Particulate organic carbon flux in the oceans-surface productivity and oxygen utilisation. Nature 288:260–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sweetman AK, Witte U (2008) Macrofaunal response to phytodetritus in a bathyal Norwegian fjord. Deep-Sea Res I 55:1503–1514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tendal OS (1979) Aspects of the biology of Komokiacea and Xenophyophoria. Sarsia 64:13–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Torres ME, Mix AC, Kinports K, Haley B, Klinkhammer GP, McManus J, de Angelis MA (2003) Is methane venting at the seafloor recorded by delta C-13 of benthic foraminifera shells? Paleoceanography 18:1062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Treude T, Orphan V, Knittel K, Gieseke A, House CH, Boetius A (2007) Consumption of methane and CO2 by methanotrophic microbial mats from gas seeps of the anoxic Black Sea. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:2271–2283

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuchiya M, Toyofuku T, Takishita K, Yamamoto H, Collen J, Kitazato H (2006) Molecular characterization of bacteria and kleptoplast within Virgulinella fragilis. In: Kitazato H, Bernhard JM (ed) FORAMS 2006, vol 29. Anuário do Instituto de Geociências, pp 471–472

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyrrell T, Lucas MI (2002) Geochemical evidence of denitrification in the Benguela upwelling system. Cont Shelf Res 22:2497–2511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uhle ME, Macko SA, Spero HJ, Engel MH, Lea DW (1997) Sources of carbon and nitrogen in modern planktonic foraminifera: the role of algal symbionts as determined by bulk and compound specific stable isotopic analyses. Org Geochem 27:103–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uhle ME, Macko SA, Spero HJ, Lea DW, Ruddiman WF, Engel MH (1999) The fate of nitrogen in the Orbulina universa foraminifera-symbiont. Limnol Oceanogr 44:1968–1977

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Umezawa Y, Miyajima T, Koike I (2008) Stable nitrogen isotope composition in sedimentary organic matter as a potential proxy of nitrogen sources for primary producers at a fringing coral reef. J Oceanogr 64:899–909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valentine DL (2002) Biogeochemistry and microbial ecology of methane oxidation in anoxic environments: a review. Antonie Leeuwenhoek 81:271–282

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van der Plas AK, Monteiro PMS, Pascall A (2007) Cross-shelf biogeochemical characteristics of sediments in the central Benguela and their relationship to overlying water column hypoxia. Afr J Mar Sci 29:37–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Rad U, Rösch H, Berner U, Geyh M, Marchig V, Schulz H (1996) Authigenic carbonates derived from oxidized methane vented from the Makran accretionary prism off Pakistan. Mar Geol 136:55–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Rad U, Berner U, Delisle G, Doose-Rolinski H, Fechner N, Linke P, Lücke A, Roeser HA, Schmaljohann R, Wiedicke M (2000) Gas and fluid venting at the Makran accretionary wedge off Pakistan. Geo-Mar Lett 20:10–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wakeham SG, Hopmans EC, Schouten S, Damste JSS (2004) Archaeal lipids and anaerobic oxidation of methane in euxinic water columns: a comparative study of the Black Sea and Cariaco Basin. Chem Geol 205:427–442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weeks SJ, Currie B, Bakun A (2002) Massive emissions of toxic gas in the Atlantic. Nature 415:493–494

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weeks SJ, Currie B, Bakun A, Peard KR (2004) Hydrogen sulphide eruptions in the Atlantic Ocean off southern Africa: implications of a new view based on SeaWiFS satellite imagery. Deep-Sea Res I 51:153–172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wefer G, Heinze P-M, Berger WH (1994) Clues to ancient methane release. Nature 369:282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whiticar MJ, Faber E, Schoell M (1986) Biogenic methane formation in marine and freshwater environments: CO2 reduction vs. acetate fermentation – isotope evidence. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50:693–709

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department for Earth and Environmental Science, LMU Munich, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333, Munich, Germany

    Alexander Volker Altenbach, Carola Leiter & Antonio Radic

  2. GeoBio-CenterLMU, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333, Munich, Germany

    Alexander Volker Altenbach, Christoph Mayr & Ulrich Struck

  3. Inst. for Geography, FAU Nürnberg/Erlangen, Kochstr. 4/4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany

    Christoph Mayr

  4. Natural History Museum, Humboldt-University, 10099, Berlin, Germany

    Ulrich Struck

  5. Geological Survey NRW, 1080, 47710, Krefeld, Germany

    Martin Hiss

Authors
  1. Alexander Volker Altenbach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Carola Leiter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Christoph Mayr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ulrich Struck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Martin Hiss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Antonio Radic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexander Volker Altenbach .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Dept. for Earth and Environmental Resear, Ludwig-maximilians-University, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, Munich, 80333, Germany

    Alexander V. Altenbach

  2. , Geology & Geophysics Department, Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Road 266, Woods Hole, 02543, Massachusetts, USA

    Joan M. Bernhard

  3. Jerusalem, The Hebrew University Of, P.O.Box 1132, Efrat, 90435, Israel

    Joseph Seckbach

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Altenbach, A.V., Leiter, C., Mayr, C., Struck, U., Hiss, M., Radic, A. (2012). Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Fractionation in Foraminifera: Possible Signatures from Anoxia. In: Altenbach, A., Bernhard, J., Seckbach, J. (eds) Anoxia. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1896-8_27

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation