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Ion Exchange Technology I pp 163–209Cite as

Principles of Ion Exchange Membrane Electrodialysis for Saline Water Desalination

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Abstract

Irreversible thermodynamics is the fundamental principle in ion exchange membrane electrodialysis. The mechanism of saline water desalination is explained based on irreversible thermodynamics. The overall mass transport equation is developed on the basis of the electrodialysis experiments. The phenomenological equation appearing in irreversible thermodynamics is substantially identical to the overall mass transport equation. The overall membrane pair characteristics appearing in the overall mass transport equation are expressed by functions of the overall hydraulic permeability of the membrane pair. In an electrodialyzer, solution velocities in desalting cells vary between the cells. Salt concentrations are decreased along the flow-passes in desalting cells. These events give rise to electric resistance distribution and current density distribution in the electrodialyzer and exert an influence on the limiting current density of the electrodialyzer. The electrodialysis process is classified into a continuous (one-pass flow), a batch, and a feed-and-bleed process. The performance of each process is discussed using computer simulation (electrodialysis program) and by applying the principles of mass transport, current density distribution, cell voltage, energy consumption, and limiting current density. An electrodialysis program is operated for desalinating saline water, and the performance of a practical-scale electrodialyzer is discussed with figures created using computer simulation. The program aims to work as a pilot plant operation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IEM Research, 1-46-3 Kamiya, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki, 300-1216, Japan

    Yoshinobu Tanaka

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  1. Yoshinobu Tanaka
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Correspondence to Yoshinobu Tanaka .

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  1. , Department of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Inamuddin Dr.

  2. College of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Luqman

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Tanaka, Y. (2012). Principles of Ion Exchange Membrane Electrodialysis for Saline Water Desalination. In: Dr., I., Luqman, M. (eds) Ion Exchange Technology I. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1700-8_5

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