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Isolation and Characterization of Rhizobacteria Antagonistic to Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., Causal Agent of Alfalfa Damping-Off

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Environmental Protection Strategies for Sustainable Development

Part of the book series: Strategies for Sustainability ((STSU))

Abstract

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is affected by several pathogens; however, those that attack crown and roots, such as Macrophomina phaseolina , directly define the longevity or productive period of the plant. Use of microorganisms with biological control capacity constitutes an alternative to chemical products. In this chapter, we have gathered some studies on this subject; in addition, we contribute data from our own researches on in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of rhizobacteria isolated from alfalfa rhizosphere against the causal agent of damping-off, M. phaseolina. In vitro tests consisted in culturing a bacterium and the pathogen on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. In vivo tests were carried out in pots containing soil infested with M. phaseolina sclerotia. Alfalfa seeds were inoculated with each selected isolate (single inoculation treatments) or co-inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti strain B399 (mixed inoculation treatment); also, non-inoculated seeds were sown in infested soil (control treatment). Experiments were conducted in a growth chamber for 30 days and the evaluated parameters were: germination percentage, damping-off at 5 and 8 days, number of surviving plants at 15 and 30 days, and number of nodules.

The pathogen incidence was high in the control treatment, with a low germination rate, high occurrence of damping-off and death of all of the plants at the end of the experiment. Pseudomonas sp. Ch2 performed the best, since singly inoculated seeds reached a germination percentage of 83.3%; in addition, there was no damping-off incidence after 5 and 8 days neither in single inoculation nor in mixed inoculation treatments. The number of surviving plants at 15 days was 9/18 for the Pseudomonas sp. Ch2 treatment and 15/18 for the Pseudomonas sp. Ch2-S. meliloti B399 treatment. At 30 days, the number of surviving plants was 9/18 for both treatments. Pseudomonas sp. Ch2 showed antifungal activity against the alfalfa pathogen M. phaseolina in the in vitro as well as in the in vivo assays.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica of Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Argentina

    L. B. Guiñazú, J. A. Andrés, M. Rovera & S. B. Rosas

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  1. L. B. Guiñazú
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  2. J. A. Andrés
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Correspondence to L. B. Guiñazú .

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  1. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Abdul Malik

  2. University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, 79106, Germany

    Elisabeth Grohmann

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Guiñazú, L., Andrés, J., Rovera, M., Rosas, S. (2012). Isolation and Characterization of Rhizobacteria Antagonistic to Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., Causal Agent of Alfalfa Damping-Off. In: Malik, A., Grohmann, E. (eds) Environmental Protection Strategies for Sustainable Development. Strategies for Sustainability. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1591-2_10

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