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Marine Planktonic Diatoms, Including Potentially Toxic Species

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The Diatom World

Part of the book series: Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology ((COLE,volume 19))

Abstract

Marine pelagos is the largest habitat on our planet; it covers ∼70% of the earth’s surface area, and the average 200-m-illuminated upper layer encompasses an enormous body of water that extends from the Arctic through the tropics to the Antarctic Ocean. The microscopic inhabitants of this vast environment are comprised by organisms adapted to life in suspension, the (phyto)plankton, which collectively constitutes the base of the food webs involving nearly all life at sea. Among these, diatoms alone are thought to contribute, depending on the area, up to 35% or even 75% of local primary productivity (Nelson et al., 1995) which bears on the well-being of the great majority of inhabitants on the planet that also require the by-product of photosynthesis, oxygen. Diatoms in high productivity areas are the base of short food chains that sustain fisheries, e.g., the upwelling region off the Peruvian coast (Cushing, 1975). In contrast, the ability of some species to produce the toxin domoic acid which cascades through the food web and may affect the neural system of higher vertebrates, including humans, adds economic and social significance to marine diatoms (Villac et al., 2010). These three contexts alone validate the merit of research in marine planktonic diatoms.

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  1. Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 63B York St., Sackville, NB, E4L 1G7, Canada

    Maria Célia Villac & Irena Kaczmarska

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    Patrick Kociolek

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Villac, M.C., Kaczmarska, I. (2011). Marine Planktonic Diatoms, Including Potentially Toxic Species. In: Seckbach, J., Kociolek, P. (eds) The Diatom World. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol 19. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1327-7_21

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