Abstract
Clay formations are widespread in the Northwestern part of Russian Federation. In St. Petersburg region southeast of the Gulf of Finland and Ladoga Lake, they occur close to the surface (Fig. 22.1). The sediments are represented by two formations, which formed in Vendian and Cambrian geological periods ( ∼ 650-500 Ma). The degree of the clayey sediment consolidation is rather high and therefore they can be also referred to the mudstone lithological type of rock (Arnould 2006). In the northwestern Russian Federation, Vendian and Cambrian clays have local names, Kothlin (associated with a geological suite) and Blue (associated with the characteristic color), respectively.
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Rumynin, V.G. (2011). Study of Physical, Mechanical, Flow, and Solute Transfer Properties of Clay Formations with Respect to the Design of Underground Storage Facilities for RW Disposal. In: Subsurface Solute Transport Models and Case Histories. Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media, vol 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1306-2_22
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