Abstract
This chapter provides basic knowledge of energy flows in the built environment in general and more specifically in buildings. With the system approach offered and the basic data supplied, the reader should be able to understand and evaluate the quality of existing or new energy concepts and energy regulations. The accent lies on the energy use of buildings because buildings are the largest energy consumers in the built environment. This chapter may form a starting point to study in more detail either energy policies and regulations or the energy used in buildings from an engineering and design approach. After an introduction on the global energy consumption and energy issues, the energy chain in the built environment is analyzed from the demand side to the supply side. For the whole chain and for each of the components of the chain, solutions towards sustainability are introduced.
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Notes
- 1.
http://www.e4project.eu/. Accessed March 2011.
- 2.
However, a low temperature heating system can influence the heating demand because the high radiation temperature of walls and floors may allow for a lower indoor air design temperature (see Chap. 7.3.1).
- 3.
See Morthorst, Wind energy − the facts, Volume 2, Costs and facts, http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/publications/WETF/Facts_Volume_2.pdf Accessed March 2011.
- 4.
Note that when the waste heat has a high temperature, as in a gas turbine, it is more efficient to reuse this waste heat to produce steam and therefore additional electricity than to use it for heating applications (e.g., combine steam and gas turbine in Sect. 5.6.2.1).
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Itard, L. (2012). Energy in the Built Environment. In: van Bueren, E., van Bohemen, H., Itard, L., Visscher, H. (eds) Sustainable Urban Environments. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1294-2_5
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