Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the positive effects of compost application in agriculture and the benefit of the composting process for solid-waste treatment in the Mekong Delta region in southern Vietnam (comprised of 12 provinces and 1 centrally city). A simple prediction model for waste generation based on population – and employing time-series analysis– was constructed to assess and forecast waste generation to identify the potential of waste for composting and discharging. The greenhouse gas baseline emission from biodegradable components and the greenhouse gas reduction emission for alternative composting options were also calculated in g(CO2eq.) per capita per day. Scenarios regarding different composting applications for the Mekong Delta region were defined. The estimations focused on such matters as environmental impacts, greenhouse-gas emission and reduction, resource consumption, economic benefits, and the application potential of the composting process. The principal result was that organic-waste composting was beneficial not only for mitigating the waste burden in landfill sites but also for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions compared to baseline emission and the attendant costs. In addition, the compost product was identified as having strong potential to displace chemical fertilizers in agriculture. It was shown that the composting process was a sound alternative for moving toward sustainable development in waste treatment and agriculture.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
3R-HN (2009) Instruction for use of compost fertilizer, Cau Dien composting plant. Obtained through the Internet: http://3r-hn.vn/Phanhuucocaudien/eguide.html
Annabi M, Houot S, Francou C, Poitrenaud M, LeBissonnais Y (2007) Soil aggregate stability improvement with urban composts of different maturities. Soil Sci Soc Am J 71:413–423
Ayalon O, Avnimelech Y, Shechter M (2001) Solid waste treatment as a high-priority and low-cost alternative for greenhouse gas mitigation. Environ Manage 27:697–704
Byer PH, Hoang CP, Nguyen TTT et al (2006) Household, hotel and market waste audits for composting in Vietnam and Laos. Waste Manage Res 24:465–472
European Commission (2009) Handbook: integrated waste management modules for different courses of graduate studies, INVENT project (Asia-Link Programme). Obtained through the Internet: http://homepages.hs-bremen.de/~office-ikrw/invent/Teaching%20Modules.htm
Garcia-Gil JC, Ceppi S, Velasca M et al (2004) Longterm effects of amendment with municipal solid waste compost on the elemental and acid functional group composition and pH-buffer capacity of soil humic acid. Geoderma 121:135–142
GSO (2007) Statistical yearbook. General Statistical Office – Statistical Publishing House, Ha Noi
GSO (2009) Statistical information of Vietnam: population and employment. General Statistical Office – Statistical Publishing House, Ha Noi, Vietnam.Obtained through the Internet: http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=467&idmid=3 .Accessed Oct 2009
Hargreaves JC, Adl MS, Warman PR (2008) A review of the use of composted municipal solid waste in agriculture. Agric Ecosyst Environ 123:1–14
He X, Logan T, Traina S (1995) Physical and chemical characteristics of selected U.S. municipal solid waste composts. J Environ Qual 24:543–552
Hernando S, Lobo M, Polo A (1989) Effect of the application of a municipal refuse compost on the physical and chemical properties of soil. Sci Total Environ 81(82):589–596
Idris A, Inanc B, Hassan MN (2004) Overview of waste disposal and landfills/dumps in Asian countries. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage 6:104–110
IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2006) Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. In: Eggleston HS, Buendia L, Miwa K, Ngara T, and Tanabe K (eds), Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. IGES, Hayama
Jakobsen ST (1995) Aerobic decomposition of organic wastes 2. Value of compost as a fertilizer. Resour Conserv Recycl 13:57–71
Martínez-Blanco J, Pere Mu˜noz P, Antón A, Rieradevall J (2009) Life cycle assessment of the use of compost from municipal organic waste for fertilization of tomato crops. Resour Conserv Recycl 53:340–351
McDougall FWP, Franke M, Hindle P, Procter G (2001) Integrated solid waste management: a life cycle inventory, 2nd edn. Blackwell Science, Oxford
Michaelowa A, Perspectives, GmbH., Wucke A, GTZ (2009) CDM Highlights 74: Monthly newsletter of the GTZ Climate Protection Programme (CaPP). A project carried out on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Obtained through the Internet: http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/umwelt-infrastruktur/umweltpolitik/14317.htm
Montemurro F, Maiorana M, Convertini G, Ferri D (2006) Compost organic amendments in fodder crops: effects on yield, nitrogen utilization and soil characteristics. Compost Sci Util 141:14–123
Perucci P (1990) Effect of the addition of municipal solid-waste compost on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in soil. Biol Fertil Soils 10:221–226
Plöchl C, Wetzer W, Ragoßnig A (2008) Clean development mechanism: an incentive for waste management projects? Waste Manage Res 26:104–110
Richard T, Woodbury P (1992) The impact of separation on heavy metal contaminants in municipal solid waste composts. Biomass Bioenergy 3:195–211
Thanh NP, Matsui Y (2009) Evaluation of the alternative treatment methods for GHG emission mitigation from municipal solid waste management: case study of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. As J Energy Environ 10:35–52
TSN (2009) Introduction of product: TSN compost fertilizer, Tam Sinh Nghia investment-development join-stock company. Obtained through the Internet: http://phanbonvietnam.com/index.php?choose=productdetails&catp_id=2&pro_id=13
Tuyen TM, Michaelowa A (2004) Discussion paper: CDM baseline construction for Vietnam national electricity grid. Hamburgisches Welt-Wirtschafts-Archiv (HWWA)
UNFCCC – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2007) Glossary of CDM term Version 01. Obtained through the Internet: http://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Guidclarif/index.html
UNFCCC – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2008) Tool to determine methane emission avoided from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site, Version 02, EB39. UNFCCC-CDM Executive Board
VNA – Vietnamese National Assembly (2008) Resolution no. 23/2008/QH12: on the 2009 socio-economic development plan, dated 6 Nov 2008, The National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Obtained through the Internet: http://vbqppl2.moj.gov.vn/law/en/2001_to_2010/2008/200811/200811060001_en
Wolkowski R (2003) Nitrogen management considerations for land-spreading municipal solid waste compost. J Environ Qual 32:1844–1850
World Bank, Vietnam Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Canadian International Development Agency (2004) Vietnam Environment Monitor: Solid Waste. Obtained through the Internet: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/07/28/000012009_20050728112421/Rendered/PDF/331510rev0PAPER0VN0Env0Monitor02004.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Thanh, N.P., Matsui, Y. (2011). Compost Potential from Solid Waste: Toward Sustainable Agriculture and Mitigation of Global Warming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. In: Stewart, M., Coclanis, P. (eds) Environmental Change and Agricultural Sustainability in the Mekong Delta. Advances in Global Change Research, vol 45. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0934-8_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0934-8_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-0933-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0934-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)