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Cassava

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Book cover Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries

Abstract

Cassava, Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae), also known as tapioca, yuca, mandioca or manioc, was domesticated during 4000-2000 B.C. in South America and reportedly originated in Brazil (Abraham, 1956; Karakacha, 2001). The Portuguese took cassava to the Gulf of Guinea in Africa in the 16th century (Fauquet and Fargette, 1990). By the 18th century, the crop had reached the East Coast of Africa, Madagascar, Reunion and Zanzibar. After the mid-18th century, it reached India and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Another theory is that cassava was directly introduced from South America into India in 1840 (Abraham, 1956). By the 20th century, cassava was grown throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa. However it remained as a subsistence crop until the 1920s/1930s when it became the major staple food crop of Africa (Carter et al. 1992). Currently the crop is grown in more than 39 African and 56 other countries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mahyco Research Foundation, A.G. Heights, Road No. 12, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, 500034, A.P., India

    G. Thottappilly

  2. Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK

    J. M. Thresh

  3. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), AA 6713, Cali, Colombia

    L. A. Calvert

  4. Plant Virus Division, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, DSMZ, BBA, Messeweg- 11/12, Braunschweig, Germany

    S. Winter

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  1. Department of Virology, Agricultural Research Organisation, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel

    Gad Loebenstein

  2. Mahyco Research Foundation, Hyderabad, India

    George Thottappilly (Executive Director) (Executive Director)

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Thottappilly, G., Thresh, J.M., Calvert, L.A., Winter, S. (2003). Cassava. In: Loebenstein, G., Thottappilly, G. (eds) Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0791-7_6

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