Skip to main content

Chemical pollution and ecotoxicology

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Biological Oceanography of the Baltic Sea

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abrahamsson K, Ekdahl A, Collén J, Pedersén M (1995) Formation and distribution of halogenated volatile halocarbon compounds in seawater. In: de Leer EWB, Grimwall A (eds) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 317–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrahamsson K, Choo KS, Pedersén M, Johansson G, Snoeijs P (2003) Effects of temperature on the production of hydrogen peroxide and volatile halocarbons by brackish-water algae. Phytochemistry 64:725–734

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allsopp M, Erry B, Santillo D, Johnston P (2001) POPs in the Baltic – a review of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Baltic Sea. Greenpeace International, London 92 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Axelman J, Näf C, Bandh C, Tshaq R, Pettersen H et al (2001) Dynamics and distribution of hydrophobic organic compounds in the Baltic Sea. In: Wulff FV, Rahm L, Larsson P (eds) A systems analysis of the Baltic Sea, vol 148. Springer, Berlin, pp 257–288 (Ecological Studies)

    Google Scholar 

  • BACC Author Team (2015) Second assessment of climate change for the Baltic Sea basin. Regional climate studies. Springer, Berlin 501 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailly du Bois P, Laguionie P, Boust D, Korsakissok I, Didier D et al (2012) Estimation of marine source-term following Fukushima Dai-ichi accident. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 114:2–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baršienė J, Dedonytė V, Rybakovas A, Andreikėnaitė L, Andersen OK (2006a) Investigation of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in peripheral blood and kidney of marine fish treated with crude oil. Aquatic Toxicology 78(Supplement 1):99–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baršienė J, Lehtonen K, Koehler A, Broeg K, Vuorinen PJ et al (2006b) Biomarker responses in flounder (Platichthys flesus) and mussel (Mytilus edulis) in the Klaipėda-Būtingė area (Baltic Sea). Marine Pollution Bulletin 53:422–436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bełdowski J, Klusek Z, Szubska M, Turja R, Bulczak, et al (2016) Chemical munitions search and assessment – an evaluation of the dumped munitions problem in the Baltic Sea. Deep Sea Research II: 128:85–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Beliaeff B, Burgeot T (2002) Integrated biomarker response (IBR): a useful graphical tool for ecological risk assessment. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21:1316–1322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berezina N, Strode E, Lehtonen KK, Balode M, Golubkov S (2013) Sediment quality assessment using the amphipods Gmelinoides fasciatus and Monoporeia affinis in the northeastern Baltic Sea. Crustaceana 86:780–801

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berge J, Brevik E, Bjorge A, Folsvik N, Gabrielsen G, Wolkers H (2004) Organotins in marine mammals and seabirds from Norwegian territory. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 6:108–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berntzon L, Erasmie S, Celepli N, Eriksson J, Rasmussen U, Bergman B (2013) BMAA inhibits nitrogen fixation in the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7120. Marine Drugs 11:3091–3108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bignert A, Litzen K, Odsjö T, Olsson M, Persson W et al (1995) Time-related factors influence the concentration of DDTs, PCBs and shell parameters in eggs of Baltic guillemot (Uria aalge), 1861–1989. Environmental Pollution 89:27–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bignert A, Cleeman M, Dannenberger D, Gaul H, Roots O (1997) Halogenated hydrocarbons. In: Third periodic assessment of the state of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea, 1989–93. Baltic Sea environment proceedings, vol 64B, pp 130–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Bignert A, Olsson M, Persson W, Jensen S, Zakrisson S et al (1998) Temporal trends of organochlorines in Northern Europe, 1967–1995. Relation to global fractionation, leakage from sediments and international measures. Environmental Pollution 99:177–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bignert A, Danielsson S, Faxneld S, Nyberg E, Vasileiou M et al (2015) Comments concerning the national Swedish contaminant monitoring programme in marine biota. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Report 2/2015:1–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Bocquené G, Chantereau S, Clérendeau C, Beausir E, Ménard D et al (2004) Biological effects of the “Erika” oil spill on the common mussel (Mytilus edulis). Aquatic Living Resources 17:309–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brack W, Klamer HJ, López de Alda M, Barceló D (2007) Effect-directed analysis of key toxicants in European river basins – a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 14:30–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw C, Kumblad L, Fagrell A (2006) The use of tracers to evaluate the importance of bioturbation in remobilising contaminants in Baltic sediments. Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science 66:123–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw C, Näslund J, Hansen J, Kozlowsky-Suzuki B, Sundström B, Gustafsson K (2015) Hexabromocyclododecane affects benthic-pelagic coupling in an experimental ecosystem. Environmental Pollution 206:306–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodin T, Fick J, Jonsson M, Klaminder J (2013) Dilute concentrations of a psychiatric drug alter behavior of fish from natural populations. Science 339:814–815

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broeg K, Lehtonen KK (2006) Indices for the assessment of environmental pollution of the Baltic Sea coasts: integrated assessment of a multi-biomarker approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin 53:145–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broeg K, Westernhagen HV, Zander S, Körting W, Koehler A (2005) The “bioeffect assessment index” (BAI) – a concept for the quantification of effects of marine pollution by an integrated biomarker approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:495–503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burgess RM, Ho KT, Brack W, Lamoree M (2013) Effects-directed analysis (EDA) and toxicity identification evaluation (TIE): complementary but different approaches for diagnosing causes of environmental toxicity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 32:1935–1945

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cajaraville MP, Bebianno MJ, Blasco J, Porte C, Sarasquete C et al (2000) The use of biomarkers to assess the impact of pollution in coastal environments of the Iberian Pensinsula: a practical approach. Science of the Total Environment 247:295–311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camphuysen CJ, Chardine J, Fredriksen M, Nunes M (2005) Review of the impacts of recent major oil spills on seabirds. In: Anonymous (ed) Report of the working group on seabird ecology, Texel, 29 March–1 April 2005. Oceanography Committee, ICES CM 2005/C:05, Ref. ACME+E, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter LJ, Liss PS (2000) On temperate sources of bromoform and other reactive organic bromine gases. Journal Geophysical Research 105(D16):20539–20547

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter LJ, Liss PS, Penkett SA (2003) Marine organohalogens in the atmosphere over the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres 108(D9):4256

    Google Scholar 

  • Casals-Casas C, Desvergne B (2011) Endocrine disruptors: from endocrine to metabolic disruption. Annual Review of Physiology 73:135–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choo KS, Nilsson J, Pedersén M, Snoeijs P (2005) Photosynthesis, carbon uptake and antioxidant defence in two coexisting filamentous green algae under different stress conditions. Marine Ecology Progress Series 292:127–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corcoran J, Winter MJ, Tyler CR (2010) Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: a critical review of the evidence for health effects in fish. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 40:287–304

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Courtney KD (1979) Hexachlorobenzene (HCB): a review. Environmental Research 20:225–266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cox PA, Sacks OW (2002) Cycad neurotoxins, consumption of flying foxes, and ALS-PDC disease in Guam. Neurology 58:956–959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox PA, Davis DA, Mash DC, Metcalf JS, Banack SA (2016) Dietary exposure to an environmental toxin triggers neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits in the brain. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 283:20152397

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dąbrowska H, Ostaszewska T, Kamaszewski M, Napora-Rutkowski L, Antoniak A et al (2012) Histopathological, histomorphometrical, and immunohistochemical biomarkers in flounder (Platichthys flesus) from the southern Baltic Sea. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 78:14–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dąbrowska H, Kopko O, Turja R, Lehtonen KK, Góra A et al (2013) Sediment contaminants and contaminant levels and biomarkers in caged mussels (Mytilus trossulus) in the southern Baltic Sea. Marine Environmental Research 84:1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dagnino A, Allen JI, Moore M, Broeg K, Canesi L et al (2007) Integration of biomarker data into an organism health index: development of an expert system and its validation with field and laboratory data in mussels. Biomarkers 12:155–172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dannenberger D (1996) Chlorinated micropollutants in surface sediments of the Baltic Sea – investigations in the Belt Sea, the Arkona Sea and the Pomeranian Bight. Marine Pollution Bulletin 32:772–781

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies IM, Vethaak AD (2012) Integrated marine environmental monitoring of chemicals and their effects. ICES Cooperative Research Report 315:1–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Downing S, Banack SA, Metcalf JS, Cox PA, Downing TG (2011) Nitrogen starvation of cyanobacteria results in the production of beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine. Toxicon 58:187–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duft M, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Tillmann M, Markert B, Oehlmann J (2003) Toxicity of triphenyltin and tributyltin to the freshwater mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum in a new sediment biotest. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22:145–152

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlop RA, Cox PA, Banack SA, Rodgers KJ (2013) The non-protein amino acid BMAA is misincorporated into human proteins in place of L-serine causing protein misfolding and aggregation. PLoS ONE 8:e75376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EC (2006) Regulation No 1907/2006 of the European parliament and of the council of 18 December 2006 concerning the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH), establishing a European chemicals agency, amending directive 1999/45/EC and repealing council regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and commission regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as council directive 76/769/EEC and commission directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC. Official Journal of the European Union L163:1–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Eklund B, Elfström M, Borg H (2008) TBT originates from pleasure boats in Sweden in spite of firm restrictions. Open Environmental Sciences 2:124–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eklund B, Elfström M, Gallego I, Bengtsson BE, Breitholtz M (2010) Biological and chemical characterization of harbour sediments from the Stockholm area. Journal of Soils and Sediments 10:127–141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elmgren R, Hansson S, Larsson U, Sundelin B, Boehm PD (1983) The “Tsesis” oil spill: Acute and long-term impact on the benthos. Marine Biology 73:51–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson-Wiklund AK, Sundelin B (2001) Impaired reproduction of the amphipods Monoporeia affinis and Pontoporeia femorata as a result of moderate hypoxia and increased temperature. Marine Ecology Progress Series 171:165–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson-Wiklund AK, Oskarsson H, Thorsén G, Kumblad L (2011) Behavioural and physiological responses to pharmaceutical exposure in macroalgae and grazers from a Baltic Sea littoral community. Aquatic Biology 14:29–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esler D, Trust KA, Ballachey BE, Iverson SA, Lewis TL et al (2010) Cytochrome P450 1A biomarker indication of oil exposure in harlequin ducks up to 20 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 29:1138–1145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EU (2013) Addressing the new challenges for risk assessment. SCHER (Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks), SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks), SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), March 2013, 157 pp. [http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_131.pdf]

  • Faxneld S, Danielsson S, Nyberg E, Bignert A (2015) Conversion factors for metals between liver, muscle and whole-body in perch. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Report 1(2015):1–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Fewer DP, Jokela J, Paukku E, Österholm J, Wahlsten M et al (2013) New structural variants of aeruginosin produced by the toxic bloom forming cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. PLoS ONE 8(9):e73618

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fong PP, Ford AT (2014) The biological effects of antidepressants on the molluscs and crustaceans: a review. Aquatic Toxicology 151:4–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galloway TS (2006) Biomarkers in environmental and human health risk assessment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 53:606–613

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • García-Tenorio R, Sanches-Angulo CI, García-León M, Abril JM, El-Daoushy F (1992) The use of 137Cs in marine and lacustrine sediment dating. Nuclear Geophysics 6:395–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Gercken J, Förlin L, Andersson J (2006) Developmental disorders in larvae of eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) from German and Swedish Baltic coastal waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 53:497–507

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GESAMP (2015) Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: a global assessment. International Maritime Organization Reports and Studies 90:1–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorokhova E (2015) Screening for microplastic particles in plankton samples: How to integrate marine litter assessment into existing monitoring programs? Marine Pollution Bulletin 99:271–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grimvall A, Larsson K (2014) Mapping shipping intensity and routes in the Baltic Sea using historical AIS data. Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment. Report 2014:5, 4 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Halinen K, Jokela J, Fewer D, Wahlsten M, Sivonen K (2007) Direct evidence for the production of microcystins by strains of the genus Anabaena (Cyanobacteria) isolated from the Baltic Sea. Applied and Environment Microbiology 73:6543–6550

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall LW Jr, Ziegenfuss MC, Anderson RD, Lewis BL (1995) The effect of salinity on the acute toxicity of total and free cadmium to a Chesapeake Bay copepod and fish. Marine Pollution Bulletin 30:376–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansson T, Schiedek D, Lehtonen KK, Vuorinen PJ, Liewenborg B et al (2006) Biochemical biomarkers in adult female perch (Perca fluviatilis) in a chronically polluted gradient in the Stockholm recipient (Sweden). Marine Pollution Bulletin 53:451–468

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hario M, Hirvi JP, Hollmen T, Rudback E (2004) Organochlorine concentrations in diseased versus healthy gull chicks from the northern Baltic. Environmental Pollution 127:411–423

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hearn RD, Harrison AL, Cranswick PA (2015) Draft international single species action plan for the conservation of the long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis 2016–2025. AEWA technical series. Draft June 2015, 65 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Helander B, Olsson A, Bignert A, Asplund L, Litzén K (2002) The role of DDE, PCB, coplanar PCB and eggshell parameters for reproduction in the white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden. Ambio 31:386–403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HELCOM (1995) Radioactivity in the Baltic Sea 1984–1991. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings 61:1–182

    Google Scholar 

  • HELCOM (2002) Environment of the Baltic Sea area 1994–1998. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings 82B:1–215

    Google Scholar 

  • HELCOM (2003) The Baltic marine environment 1999–2002. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings 87:1–47

    Google Scholar 

  • HELCOM (2007) Long-lived radionuclides in the seabed of the Baltic Sea. Report of the sediment baseline study of HELCOM MORS-PRO in 2000–2005. Baltic Sea environment proceedings, vol 110, pp 1–41

    Google Scholar 

  • HELCOM (2009) Radioactivity in the Baltic Sea, 1999–2006. HELCOM thematic assessment. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings 117:1–60

    Google Scholar 

  • HELCOM (2010a) Hazardous substances in the Baltic Sea – an integrated thematic assessment of hazardous substances in the Baltic Sea. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings 120B:1–116

    Google Scholar 

  • HELCOM (2010b) Maritime activities in the Baltic Sea – an integrated thematic assessment on maritime activities and response to pollution at sea in the Baltic Sea region. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings 123:1–64

    Google Scholar 

  • HELCOM (2013a) Thematic assessment of long-term changes in radioactivity in the Baltic Sea, 2007–2010. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings 135:1–39

    Google Scholar 

  • HELCOM (2013b) Chemical munitions dumped in the Baltic Sea. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings 142:1–128

    Google Scholar 

  • HELCOM (2013c) HELCOM core indicators: final report of the HELCOM CORESET project. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings 136:1–71

    Google Scholar 

  • HELCOM (2015) HELCOM annual report on discharges observed during aerial surveillance in the Baltic Sea 2014. HELCOM, Helsinki 14 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • His E, Beiras R, Seaman MNL (1999) The assessment of marine pollution: bioassays with marine embryos and larvae. Advances in Marine Biology 37:1–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Höher N, Köhler A, Strand J, Broeg K (2012) Effects of various pollutant mixtures on immune responses of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) collected at a salinity gradient in Danish coastal waters. Marine Environmental Research 75:35–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmström K, Järnberg U, Bignert A (2005) Temporal trends of PFOS and PFOA in guillemot eggs from the Baltic Sea, 1968–2003. Environmental Science and Technology 39:80–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hook SE, Gallagher EP, Batley GE (2014) The role of biomarkers in the assessment of aquatic ecosystem health. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 10:327–341

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hylland K, Tollefsen KE, Ruus A, Jonsson G, Sundt RC et al (2008) Water column monitoring near oil installations in the North Sea 2001–2004. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:414–429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang L, Eriksson J, Lage S, Jonasson S, Shams S et al (2014) Diatoms: a novel source for the neurotoxin BMAA in aquatic environments. PLoS ONE 9:e84578

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johannesson K, André C (2006) Life on the margin: genetic isolation and diversity loss in a peripheral marine ecosystem, the Baltic Sea. Molecular Ecology 15:2013–2029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johannesson K, Smolarz K, Grahn M, André C (2011) The future of Baltic Sea populations: local extinction or evolutionary rescue? AMBIO 40:179–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jonasson S, Eriksson J, Berntzon L, Rasmussen U, Bergman B (2008) A novel cyanobacterial toxin (BMAA) with potential neurodegenerative effects. Plant Biotechnology 25:227–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jonasson S, Eriksson J, Berntzon L, Spacil Z, Ilag LL et al (2010) Transfer of a cyanobacterial neurotoxin within a temperate aquatic ecosystem suggests pathways for human exposure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107:9252–9257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karjalainen M, Pääkkönen JP, Peltonen H, Sipiä V, Valtonen T, Viitasalo M (2008) Nodularin concentrations in Baltic Sea zooplankton and fish during a cyanobacterial bloom. Marine Biology 155:483–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy CJ, Walsh PJ (1997) Effects of temperature on xenobiotic metabolism. In: Wood CM, McDonald DG (eds) Global warming – implications for freshwater and marine fish. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 303–324

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Keppler F, Eiden R, Niedan V, Pracht J, Schöler HF (2000) Halocarbons produced by natural oxidation processes during degradation of organic matter. Nature 403:298–301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khalil et al. (1999) Natural emissions of chlorine-containing gases: reactive chlorine emissions inventory. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres 104(D7):8333–8346

    Google Scholar 

  • Epa US (2007) Sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE), phases I, II, and III guidance document EPA/600/R-07/080. Office of Research and Development, Washington 134 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopecka J, Lehtonen KK, Baršienė J, Broeg K, Vuorinen PJ et al (2006) Measurements of biomarker levels in flounder (Platichthys flesus) and blue mussel (Mytilus trossulus) from the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic). Marine Pollution Bulletin 53:406–421

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kosmehl T, Otte JC, Yang L, Legradi J, Bluhm K et al (2012) A combined DNA-microarray and mechanism-specific toxicity approach with zebra fish embryos to investigate the pollution of river sediments. Reproductive Toxicology 33:245–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kowalewska G, Konat J (1997) Distribution of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the southern Baltic Sea. Oceanologia 39:83–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreitsberg R, Tuvikene A, Baršienė J, Fricke NF, Rybakovas A et al (2012) Biomarkers of environmental contaminants in the coastal waters of Estonia (Baltic Sea): effects on eelpout (Zoarces viviparus). Journal of Environmental Monitoring 14:2298–2308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lääne A, Kraav E, Titova G (2005) Baltic Sea – Global International Waters Assessment, Regional Assessment (UNEP) 17:1–69, i–xv

    Google Scholar 

  • Lage S, Annadotter H, Rasmussen U, Rydberg S (2015) Biotransfer of beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in a eutrophicated freshwater lake. Marine Drugs 13:1185–1201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang T, Wosniok W, Baršienė J, Broeg K, Kopecka J et al (2006) Liver histopathology in Baltic flounder (Platichthys flesus) as indicator of biological effects of contaminants. Marine Pollution Bulletin 53:488–496

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsson K, Tydén L (2005) Effects of oil spills on wintering long-tailed ducks Clangula hyemalis at Hoburgs bank in the central Baltic Sea between 1996/97 and 2003/04. Ornis Svecica 15:161–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Law RJ (2014) An overview of time trends in organic contaminant concentrations in marine mammals: going up or down? Marine Pollution Bulletin 82:7–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee BG, Wallace WG, Luoma SN (1998) Uptake and loss kinetics of Cd, Cr and Zn in the bivalves Poamocorbula amurenis and Macoma balthica: effects of size and salinity. Marine Ecology Progress Series 175:177–189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtonen KK, Schiedek D (2006) Monitoring biological effects of pollution in the Baltic Sea: neglected – but still wanted? Marine Pollution Bulletin 53:377–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtonen KK, Schiedek D, Koehler A, Lang T, Vuorinen PJ et al (2006a) The BEEP project in the Baltic Sea: overview of results and outline for a regional biological effects monitoring strategy. Marine Pollution Bulletin 53:523–537

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtonen KK, Leiniö S, Schneider R, Leivuori M (2006b) Biomarkers of pollution effects in the bivalves Mytilus edulis and Macoma balthica collected from the southern coast of Finland (Baltic Sea). Marine Ecology Progress Series 322:155–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtonen KK, Sundelin B, Lang T, Strand J (2014) Development of tools for integrated monitoring of hazardous substances and ecosystem health assessment in the Baltic Sea. AMBIO 43:69–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leiniö S, Lehtonen KK (2005) Seasonal variability in biomarkers in the bivalves Mytilus edulis and Macoma balthica from the northern Baltic Sea. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C 140:408–421

    Google Scholar 

  • Leppäkoski E, Bonsdorff E (1989) Ecosystem variability and gradients. Examples from the Baltic Sea as a background for hazard assessment. In: Landner L (ed) Chemicals in the aquatic environment – advanced hazard assessment. Springer series on advanced management. Springer, Berlin, pp 6–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesser MP (2006) Oxidative stress in marine environments: biochemistry and physiological ecology. Annual Revue of Physiology 68:253–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lind Y, Bignert A, Odsjö T (2006) Decreasing lead levels in Swedish biota 1969–2004. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 8:824–834

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magnusson K, Norén F (2011) Mikroskopiskt skräp i havet – metodutveckling för miljöövervakning. N-Research, Lysekil, 22 pp (in Swedish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnusson K, Wahlberg C (2014) Mikroskopiska skräppartiklar i vatten från avloppsreningsverk. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Report B 2208:1–31 (in Swedish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnusson K, Eliasson K, Fråne A, Haikonen K, Hultén M et al (2016) Swedish sources and pathways for microplastics to the marine environment – a review of existing data. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Report C183:1–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Manciocco A, Calamandrei G, Alleva E (2014) Global warming and environmental contaminants in aquatic organisms – the need of the etho-toxicology approach. Chemosphere 100:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCulloch A (1999) CFC and halon replacements in the environment. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 100:163–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCulloch A (2003) Chloroform in the environment: occurrence, sources, sinks and effects. Chemosphere 50:1291–1308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLusky DD, Bryant V, Campbell R (1986) The effect of temperature and salinity on the toxicity of heavy metals to marine and estuarine invertebrates. Oceanographic Marine Biology Annual Reviews 24:481–520

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mensink BP (1999) Imposex in the common whelk Buccinum undatum. Wageningen University, The Netherlands, 125 pp [PhD Thesis]

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller A, Nyberg E, Danielsson S, Faxneld S, Haglund P et al (2014) Comparing temporal trends of organochlorines in guillemot eggs and Baltic herring: advantages and disadvantages for selecting sentinel species for environmental monitoring. Marine Environmental Research 100:38–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monaghan P, Metcalfe NB, Torres R (2009) Oxidative stress as a mediator of life history trade-offs: mechanisms, measurements and interpretation. Ecology Letters 12:75–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monson CS, Banack SA, Cox PA (2003) Conservation implications of chamorro consumption of flying foxes as a possible cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism dementia complex in Guam. Conservation Biology 17:678–686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montzska SA, Fraser PJ (2003) Controlled substances and other source gases. In: Nohende AA, Albritton DL, Mégie G, Watson R (eds) Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2002. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report 47:1–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Mothersill C, Austin B (2003) In vitro methods in aquatic ecotoxicology. Marine Science and Coastal Management Series. Springer, Berlin 472 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Murata S, Takahashi S, Agusa T, Thomas NJ, Kannan K, Tanabe S (2008) Contamination status and accumulation profiles of organotins in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) found dead along the coasts of California, Washington, Alaska (USA), and Kamchatka (Russia). Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:641–649

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murch SJ, Cox PA, Banack SA (2004) A mechanism for slow release of biomagnified cyanobacterial neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disease in Guam. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 101:12228–12231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murk AJ, Legler J, Denison MS, Giesy JP, van de Guchte C et al (1996) Chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX): a novel in-vitro bioassay for Ah receptor active compounds in sediments and pore water. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 33:149–160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Napierska D, Baršienė J, Mulkiewicz E, Podolska M, Rybakovas A (2009) Biomarker responses in flounder Platichthys flesus from the Polish coastal area of the Baltic Sea and application in biomonitoring. Ecotoxicology 18:846–859

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narbonne JF, Aarab N, Clérandeau C, Daubèze M, Narbonne J et al (2005) Scale of classification based on biochemical markers in mussels: application to pollution monitoring in Mediterranean coasts and temporal trends. Biomarkers 10:8–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nendza M (2002) Inventory of marine biotest methods for the evaluation of dredged material and sediments. Chemosphere 48:865–883

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nentwig G (2007) Effects of pharmaceuticals on aquatic invertebrates. Part II: the antidepressant drug fluoxetine. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 52:163–170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen SP, Bengtson P, Bojanowski R, Hagel P, Herrmann J et al (1999) The radiological exposure of man from radioactivity in the Baltic Sea. Science of the Total Environment 237/238:133–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Notter M, Snoeijs P (1986) Radionuklider i bentiska kiselalger – ett års studier i biotestsjön, Forsmark. Naturvårdsverket Rapport 3213:1–30 [in Swedish]

    Google Scholar 

  • Noyes PD, McElwee MK, Miller HD, Clark BW, Van Tiem LA (2009) The toxicology of climate change: environmental contaminants in a warmer world. Environment International 25:971–986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nyberg E, Poikane R, Strand J, Larsen MM, Danielsson A, Bignert A (2013) Tributyltin (TBT) and imposex. HELCOM Core Indicator Report, 17 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Dohety SJ, Carpenter LJ (2007) Halogenated volatile organic compounds. In: Koppmann R (ed) Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, pp 173–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Oberdörster E, McClellan-Green P (2002) Mechanisms of imposex induction in the mud snail, Ilyanassa obsoleta: TBT as a neurotoxin and aromatase inhibitor. Marine Environmental Research 54:715–771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogata R, Omura M, Shimasaki Y, Kubo K, Oshima Y et al (2001) Two-generation reproductive toxicity study of tributyltin chloride in female rats. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 63:127–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olivero-Berbel J, Guerrero-Castilla A, Ramos NR (2011) Biochemical effects induced by the hexachlorocyclohexanes. Review of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 212:1–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Omura M, Ogata R, Kubo K, Shimasaki Y, Aou S et al (2001) Two-generation reproductive toxicity study of tributyltin chloride in male rats. Toxicological Sciences 64:224–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orbea A, Garmendia L, Marigómez I, Cajaraville MP (2006) Effects of the “Prestige” oil spill on cellular biomarkers in intertidal mussels: results of the first year of studies. Marine Ecology Progress Series 306:177–189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • OSPAR (2008) 2007/2008 CEMP Assessment: trends and concentrations of selected hazardous substances in sediments and trends in TBT-specific biological effects. Assessment and Monitoring Series, OSPAR Commission 2008, 36 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Pécseli M (2002) The “Baltic Carrier” oil spill: monitoring and assessment of environmental effects in Grønsund (DK). Storstrøms Amt, Denmark, 158 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersén M, Collén J, Ekdahl A, Abrahamsson K (1996) Production of halocarbons from seaweeds: an oxidative stress reaction? Scientia Marina 60:257–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeifer S, Schiedek D, Dippner J (2005) Effect of temperature and salinity on acetylcholinesterase activity, a common pollution biomarker, in Mytilus sp. from the southwestern Baltic Sea. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 320:93–103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prevodnik A, Gardeström J, Lilja K, Elfwing T, McDonagh B et al (2007) Oxidative stress in response to xenobiotics in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis L.: evidence for variation along a natural salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea. Aquatic Toxicology 82:63–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rank J, Lehtonen KK, Strand J, Laursen M (2007) DNA damage, acetylcholinesterase activity and lysosomal stability in native and transplanted mussels (Mytilus edulis) in areas close to coastal chemical dumping sites in Denmark. Aquatic Toxicology 84:50–61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reutgard M, Eriksson Wiklund AK, Breitholtz M, Sundelin B (2014) Embryo development of the benthic amphipod Monoporeia affinis as a tool for monitoring and assessment of biological effects of contaminants in the field: a meta-analysis. Ecological Indicators 36:483–490

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rybakovas A, Baršienė J, Lang T (2009) Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the offshore zones of the Baltic and the North Seas. Marine Environmental Research 68:246–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santos MM, ten Hallers-Tjabbes CC, Vieira N, Boon JP, Porte C (2002) Cytochrome P450 differences in normal and imposex-affected female whelk Buccinum undatum from the open North Sea. Marine Environmental Research 54:661–665

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santschi PH (1984) Radionuclides as tracers for sedimentation and remobilization processes in the ocean and in lakes. In: Sly PG (ed) Sediment and water interactions. Springer, London, pp 437–449

    Google Scholar 

  • Santschi PH (1989) Use of radionuclides in the study of contaminant cycling processes. Hydrobiologia 176/177:307–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiedek D, Broeg K, Baršienė J, Lehtonen KK, Gercken J et al (2006) Biomarker responses as indication of contaminant effects in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and female eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) from the southwestern Baltic Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 53:387–405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiedek D, Sundelin B, Readman JW, Macdonald RW (2007) Interactions between climate change and contaminants. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:1845–1856

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnell S, Schiedek D, Schneider R, Balk L, Vuorinen PJ et al (2008) Biological indications of contaminant exposure in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Baltic Sea. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65:1122–1134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulte-Oehlmann U, Oehlmann J, Fioroni P, Bauer B (1997) Imposex and reproductive failure in Hydrobia ulvae (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Marine Biology 128:257–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Setälä O, Fleming-Lehtinen V, Lehtiniemi M (2014) Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web. Environmental Pollution 185:77–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Setälä O, Norkko J, Lehtiniemi M (2016) Feeding type affects microplastic ingestion in a coastal invertebrate community. Marine Pollution Bulletin 102:95–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimasaki Y, Kitano T, Oshima Y, Inoue S, Imada N, Honjo T (2003) Tributyltin causes masculinization in fish. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22:141–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivonen K (2009) Cyanobacterial toxins. In: Schaechter M (ed) Encyclopedia of Microbiology, 3rd edn. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 290–307

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sivonen K, Kononen K, Carmichael WW, Dahlem AM, Rinehart K et al (1989) Occurrence of the hepatotoxic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in the Baltic Sea and the structure of the toxin. Applied and Environment Microbiology 55:1990–1995

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snoeijs P, Notter M (1993) Benthic diatoms as monitoring organisms for radionuclides in a brackish-water coastal ecosystem. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 18:23–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snoeijs P, Sylvander P, Häubner N (2012) Oxidative stress in aquatic primary producers as a driving force for ecosystem responses to large-scale environmental changes. In: Abele D, Vázquez-Medina JP, Zenteno-Savin T (eds) Oxidative stress in aquatic ecosystems. Blackwell Publishing, Chichester, pp 72–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer PS, Hugon J, Ludolph A, Nunn PB, Ross SM et al (1987) Discovery and partial characterization of primate motor-system toxins. Ciba Foundation Symposium 126:221–238

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg RM, Gooding MP, Hotchkiss AK, LeBlanc GA (2010) Environmental-endocrine control of reproductive maturation in gastropods: implications for the mechanism of tributyltin-induced imposex in prosobranchs. Ecotoxicology 19:4–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strand J (2009) Coupling marine monitoring and environmental risk assessment of TBT: a case study using the contamination of organotin compounds in the Danish marine environment. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 84 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Strand J, Jacobsen JA (2002) Imposex in two sublittoral neogastropods from the Kattegat and Skagerrak: the common whelk Buccinum undatum and the red whelk Neptunea antique. Marine Ecology Progress Series 244:171–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strand J, Jacobsen JA (2005) Accumulation and trophic transfer of organotins in a marine food web from the Danish coastal waters. Science of the Total Environment 350:72–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strand J, Jacobsen JA, Pedersen B, Granmo Å (2003) Butyltin compounds in sediment and molluscs from the shipping strait between Denmark and Sweden. Environmental Pollution 124:7–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strand J, Andersen L, Dahllöf I, Korsgaard B (2004) Impaired larval development in broods of eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) in Danish coastal waters. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 30:37–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sundelin B, Eriksson Wiklund AK, Ford A (2008) The use of embryo aberrations in amphipod crustaceans for measuring effects of environmental stressors. ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences 41:1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Talvitie J, Heinonen M, Pääkkönen JP, Vahtera E, Mikola A et al (2015) Do wastewater treatment plants act as a potential point source of microplastics? Preliminary study in the coastal Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Water Science and Technology 72:1495–1504

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tedengren M, Kautsky N (1987) Comparative stress response to diesel oil and salinity changes of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis from the Baltic and North Seas. Ophelia 28:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tedengren M, Olsson B, Bradly B, Zhou L (1999) Heavy metal uptake, physiological response and survival of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) from marine and brackish waters in relation to the induction of heat-shock protein 70. Hydrobiologia 393:261–269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turja R, Soirinsuo A, Budzinski H, Devier MH, Lehtonen K (2013) Biomarker responses and accumulation of hazardous substances in mussels (Mytilus trossulus) transplanted along a pollution gradient close to an oil terminal in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C 157:80–92

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turja R, Höher N, Snoeijs P, Baršienė J, Butrimavičienė L et al (2014) A multibiomarker approach for the assessment of pollution impacts in two areas in the Swedish Baltic Sea coast using caged mussels (Mytilus trossulus). Science of the Total Environment 473–474:398–409

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Oost R, Beyer J, Vermeulen NPE (2003) Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: a review. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 13:57–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vandermeersch G, Lourenço HM, Alvarez-Muñoz D, Cunha S, Diogène J et al (2015) Environmental contaminants of emerging concern in seafood – European database on contaminant levels. Environmental Research 143B:29–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Viarengo A, Lowe D, Bolognesi C, Fabbri E, Koehler A (2007) The use of biomarkers in biomonitoring: a 2-tier approach assessing the level of pollutant-induced stress syndrome in sentinel organisms. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C 146:281–300

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voß B, Bolhuis H, Fewer DP, Kopf M, Möke F et al (2013) Insights into the physiology and ecology of the brackish-water-adapted cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena CCY9414 based on a genome-transcriptome analysis. PLoS ONE 8(3):e60224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vuorinen P, Keinänen M, Vuontisjärvi H, Baršienė J, Broeg K et al (2006) Use of biliary PAH metabolites as a biomarker of pollution in fish from the Baltic Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 53:479–487

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walker CH, Sibly R, Hopkin SP, Peakall DB (2001) Principles of ecotoxicology. CRC Press, London, 326 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (2001) Integrated risk assessment report prepared for the WHO/UNEP/ILO International Programme on Chemical Safety WHO/IPCS/IRA/01/12. [http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/new_issues/ira/en]

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kari K. Lehtonen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lehtonen, K.K., Bignert, A., Bradshaw, C., Broeg, K., Schiedek, D. (2017). Chemical pollution and ecotoxicology. In: Snoeijs-Leijonmalm, P., Schubert, H., Radziejewska, T. (eds) Biological Oceanography of the Baltic Sea. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0668-2_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics