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Phenomenology of Life, Integral and Scientific, Fulfilling the Expectations of Husserl’s Initial Aspirations and Last Insights: A Global Movement

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Book cover Phenomenology World-Wide

Part of the book series: Analecta Husserliana ((ANHU,volume 80))

Abstract

In the recently inaugurated twenty-first century the task of undertaking a philosophical reflection concerning the human being remains—as it was in the previous century—quite a complicated enterprise for several reasons.

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  1. A.-T. Tymieniecka, Logos and Life, Book 1: Creative Experience and the Critique of Reason, Analecta Husserliana, XXIV (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988); Logos and Life, Book 2: The Three Movements of the Soul, Analecta Husserliana, XXV (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988); Logos and Life, Book 3: The Passions of the Soul and the Elements in the Ontopoiesis of Culture. The Life Significance of Literature (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990 ); Logos and Life, Book 4: Impetus and Equipoise in the Life-Strategies of Reason ( Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000 ).

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  2. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “Self-Presentation,” Analecta Husserliana XXVI ( Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989 ), p. 184.

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  3. For an account of that conference and the founding of the Society, see A.-T. Tymieniecka, “The History of American Phenomenology-in-Process,” American Phenomenology,E.F. Kaelin and Calvin O. Schvag (eds.), Analecta Husserliana XXVI (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989), pp. xxii—xxiv.

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  4. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “Beyond Ingarden’s Idealism/Realism Controversy with Husserl: The Third Phase of Phenomenology,” Ingardeniana, A.-T. Tymieniecka (ed.), Analecta Husserliana IV ( Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1976 ).

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  5. A.-T. Tymieniecka, Phenomenology and Science in Contemporary European Thought (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1961 ).

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  6. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “Cosmos and the Foundations of Psychiatry,” in John Sallis (ed.), Heidegger and the Path of Thinking (Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1969); and by the same author, “Die Phänomenologische Selbstbesinnung. 1: Der Leib and Transzendentalität in der gegenwärtigen phänomenologischen and psychiatrischen Forschung,” Analecta Husserliana I ( Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1971 ).

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  7. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “Phenomenology Reflects Upon Itself, II,” The Later Husserl and the Idea of Phenomenology, A.-T. Tymieniecka (ed.), Analecta Husserliana II ( Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1972 ).

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  8. See A.-T. Tymieniecka, Why Is There Something Rather Than Nothing? Prolegomena to the Phenomenology of Cosmic Creation ( Assen: Royal Van Gorcum, 1966 ).

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  9. The idea of circumstance is a crucial key in Ortega’s thought as is made explicit in Meditaciones del Quijote (Madrid: Eds. Câtedra, 1995), p. 65.

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  10. Tymieniecka refers to the Unamunian idea of life as a novel, as a drama which is to be invented and re-invented forever. Novels are temporal, dynamic and creative, as life itself. In this sense the notion of the novel is taken as a metaphor of human life.

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  11. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “The Human Condition within the Unityof-Everything-There-Is-Alive”, in The Moral Sense and Its Foundational Significance, A.-T. Tymieniecka (ed.), Analecta Husserliana XXXI (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990 ), p. 6.

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  12. A.-T. Tymieniecka, Logos and Life,Book 1 (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988), Foreground, Part I. Ibid., “Introduction”,p. xxiii.

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  13. For the role of Literature in the creative quest and of creative act in the ontological aprehension of human condition, see, for example, her treatise Poetica Nova, in The Philosophical Reflection of Man in Literature, A.-T. Tymieniecka (ed.), Analecta Husserliana XII ( Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1982 ), pp. 1–93.

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  14. Cf. Paul Ricoeur, La symbolique du mal, second part of Finitude et culpabilité ( Paris: Aubier Montaigne, 1960 ).

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  15. Tymieniecka, Logos and Life,Book 1, p. xxviii.

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  16. For a more precise analysis of the notions of cognition, knowledge and intelligence, see Tymieniecka’s study “Knowledge and Cognition in the Self-Individualizing Progress of Life”, in I. Kuçuradi and R. S. Cohen (eds.), The Concept of Knowledge ( Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995 ).

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  17. Tymieniecka, Logos and Life,Book 1, p. 4.

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  18. For this question, see Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, “Imaginatio Creatrix (The Creative’ and the `Constitutive’ Function of Man, and the Possible Worlds)”, in The Phenomenological Realism of Possible Worlds,A.-T. Tymieniecka (ed.), Analecta Husserliana III (Dondrecht: D. Reidel, 1974), pp. 3–41, subsequently appearing with some commentary added in Tymieniecka, Logos and Life,Book 1.

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  19. Tymieniecka, Logos and Life,Book 1, p. 342.

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  20. Paul Ricoeur also dispels the traditional theory of faculties, when he deals with the problem of human action and the interaction between the voluntary and involuntary dimensions of the human being, in a dynamic process. At the same time, he insists on the fundamental role of emotion and nonrational factors. See his Le volontaire et l’involontaire ( Paris: Aubier Montaigne, 1967 ).

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  21. Tymieniecka Logos and Life,Book 1, p. 344.

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  22. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “The Ontopoiesis of Life as a New Philosophical Paradigm”, Phenomenological Inquiry 22 (1998), p. 15.

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  23. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “Phenomenology of Life and the New Critique of Reason: from Husserl’s Philosophy to the Phenomenology of Life and of the Human Condition”, Inaugural Lecture, in Poetics of the Elements in the Human Condition,A.-T. Tymieniecka (ed.), Analecta Husserliana XXIX (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990), p. 5. Cf. also, by the same author, “Tractatus Brevis. The First Principles of the Metaphysics of Life: Charting the Human Condition”, The Phenomenology of Man and of the Human Condition II,A.-T. Tymieniecka (ed.), Analecta Husserliana XXI, and the above-mentioned Logos and Life,Book 1.

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  24. Tymieniecka, Logos and Life, Book 1, p. 6. For a general presentation of Tymieniecka’s anthropology, see her résumé “The Phenomenology of Man and of the Human Condition-The Human Individual, Nature, and the Possible Worlds”, an Introduction to The Phenomenology of Man and of the Human Condition, A.-T. Tymieniecka (ed. ), Analecta Husserliana XIV (Dordrecht: 1983 ).

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  25. Ibid.,pp. 13ff. Cf. also her Logos and Life; and “The Moral Sense. A Discourse on the Phenomenological Foundation of the Social World and the Ethics”, in Foundations of Morality, Human Rights, and the Human Sciences,A.-T. Tymieniecka and Calvin O. Schrag (eds.), Analecta Husserliana XV (Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1983); Poetica Nova, The Creative Crucibles of Human Existence and of Art,in Analecta Husserliana XII, op. cit.,pp. 1–93; Imaginatio Creatrix. The `Creative’ versus the `Constitutive’ Function of Man, and the `Possible Worlds’,in Analecta Husserliana, III, op. cit.,pp. 3–41, etc.

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  26. Tymieniecka, “The Human Condition within the Unity-ofEverything-There-Is-Alive”, op. cit.,p. 16.

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  27. Cf. A. Gehlen, Der Mensch ( Frankfurt: Athenaeum Verlag GmbH, 1974 ).

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  28. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “The Moral Sense. A Discourse on the Phenomenological Foundation of the Social World and Ethics”, in Analecta Husserliana XV, op. cit.,p. 23. For the moral question, see also her “The Moral Sense and the Human Person Within the Fabric of Communal Life”, The Moral Sense in the Communal Significance of the Life,A.-T. Tymieniecka (ed.). Analecta Husserliana XX (Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1986), Logos and Life,Book 1, pp. 397ff, Logos and Life,Book 4, Imports and Equipase in the Life strategies of Reason (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2000), pp. 595ff, etc.

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  29. The question of the other, of oneself as another or of the other as someone who contributes in self-construction, is an important topic in literature. For instance, in Unamuno’s or Hesse’s works.

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  30. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “Man the Creator and His Triple Telos”, in Analecta Husserliana IX, op. cit.,p. 22.

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  31. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “The Moral Sense. A Discourse on the Phenomenological Foundation of the Social World and the Ethics”, op. cit.,p. 9.

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  32. A.-T. Tymieniecka Logos and Life, Book 1, p. 398. See, in this work, Part II, Chapter IV, “The Moral Sense of Life as Constitutive of the Human Person”, pp. 397–404.

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  33. Tymieniecka, “The Moral Sense. A Discourse on the Phenomenological Foundation of the Social World and the Ethics”, pp. 23–24.

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  34. Both of which have already been mentioned above.

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  35. in The Existential Coordinates of the Human Condition: Poetic-Epic-Tragis,A.-T. Tymieniecka (ed.), Analecta Husserliana XVIII (Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1984), pp. 3–21.

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  36. Tymieniecka, Logos and Life,Book 1, pp. 405–423.

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  37. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990).

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  38. Tymieniecka, “The Human Condition within the Unity-ofEverything-There-Is-Alive”, op. cit.,pp. 13–14.

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  39. Tymieniecka, “Poetica Nova”, op. cit.,p. 5.

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  40. Tymieniecka, “Imaginatio Creatrix”, op. cit.,p. 6. See also her Logos and Life,Book 1, pp. 342–378.

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  41. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “Aesthetic Enjoyment and Poetic Sense (Poetic Sense: the Irreducible in Literature)”, in Analecta Husserliana XVIII, 1984, pp. 4–5.

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  42. Ibid.,p. 19. See also Tymieniecka, Logos and Life,Book 1, pp. 405–422.

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  43. Tymieniecka, Logos and Life,Book 3 (Tymieniecka, “Tractatus Brevis”), p. 9.

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  44. See ibid.,Section I, mainly Chapters 2 and 3.

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  45. For the question and the role of fabulation, see Ibid.,pp. 28ff.

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  46. Tymieniecka presents, in my opinion, a reductionist, idealist conception of culture, quite different from the more global conception proposed by general anthropologists. This global conception includes not only spiritual idealist endeavours, but also pragmatic aspects of the collective human life, for instance, technology, social structuration, etc.

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  47. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, “Theme,” in Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka. (ed.), Poetics of the Elements in the Human Condition,(Part 1): The Sea. From Elemental Stirrings to Symbolic Inspiration, Language, and Life-Significance in Literary Interpretation and Theory,Analecta Husserliana XIX (Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1985), p. xii.

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  48. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, “Metaphysics of the Manifestation of the Logos, Part Two: The Outburst of the the Logos in the Animus/Spirit and the Grand Vision of Beingness Alive—Aliveness, Sharing-in-Life, Culture,” in Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka (ed.), Manifestations of Reason: Life, Historicity, Culture, Analecta Husserliana XL ( Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000 ), p. 11.

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  49. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, “Theme,” in Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka. (ed.), Life: Phenomenology of Life as the Starting Point of Philosophy, Analecta Husserliana L (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997 ), p. X.

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  50. See Phenomenological Inquiry 22 (1998), p. 61. Here, under the title “Phenomenology of Life (Integral and ‘Scientific’) as the Starting Point of Philosophy”, Tymieniecka summarizes the main features of her phenomenology of life, twenty-five years after the inauguration of the World Phenomenology Institute’s Analecta Husserliana book series. This presentation had previously been published in the last of the three-volume anniversary publication, Life,Book 3: Phenomenology of Life as the Starting Point of Philosophy (Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997).

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  51. Phenomenology of Life (Integral and ‘Scientific’) as the Starting Point of Philosophy“, Phenomenological Inquiry,22, p. 61.

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  52. For a detailed commentary on the process of self-individualisation, see “Differentiation and Unity: The Self-Individualizing Life Process”, in Analecta Husserliana LVII, 1998, pp. 3–36.

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  53. Phenomenology of Life (Integral and `Scientific’) as the Starting Point of Philosophy“ Phenomenological Inquiry,22 (1998) Ibid.,pp. 64–65.

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  54. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “The Ontopoiesis of Life as a New Philosophical Paradigm”, in Phenomenological Inquiry, 22 (1998), p. 14.

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  55. Tymieniecka refers to the works of Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers, Order out of Chaos, Man’s New Dialogue with Nature (Boulder: New Science Library; New York: Random House, 1984) and of Grégoire Nicolis and Ilya Prigogine, Exploring Complexity ( New York: W.H. Freeman, 1989 ).

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  56. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “The Ontopoiesis of Life as a New Paradigm”, op. cit.,p. 21.

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  57. Cf. her recent article “Origins of Life and the New Critique of Reason. The Primogenital Generative Matrix”, Analecta Husserliana LXVI, 2000, pp. 3–16. This volume has the question of the origin of life as its central subject.

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  58. Ibid.,Introduction: “The Origins of Life. The Primogenital Region of Sense”, p. xiv.

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  59. A.-T. Tymieniecka, “Nature in the Ontopoiesis of Life: from the Cosmic Dissemination to the Human Cultivation of the Logos”, Analecta Husserliana XLVII, 1995, p. 23.

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    María Avelina Cecilia

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Cecilia, M.A. (2002). Phenomenology of Life, Integral and Scientific, Fulfilling the Expectations of Husserl’s Initial Aspirations and Last Insights: A Global Movement. In: Tymieniecka, AT. (eds) Phenomenology World-Wide. Analecta Husserliana, vol 80. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0473-2_82

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