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Liver Metastasis: Biology and Clinical Management pp 213–232Cite as

Tumor Dormancy in Liver Metastasis: Clinical and Experimental Evidence and Implications for Treatment

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Part of the book series: Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment ((CMBT,volume 16))

Abstract

Cancer, and more specifically metastatic cancer, continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide. One of the most common organs in which metastatic cancer is diagnosed, and where it is often fatal, is the liver. This is not surprising given the large volume of nutrient-rich blood filtered through the fenestrated sinusoids of the liver. And while progress has been made in our understanding and treatment of metastatic disease, the majority of treatments are still ultimately unsuccessful in the metastatic setting. In the case of liver metastasis, even after apparently successful initial treatment, 5 year survival remains relatively low. Yet, although metastatic disease is associated with poor prognosis, the process of metastasis itself is known to be highly inefficient. The reasons for this inefficiency and the failure of cancer cells to form large vascularised metastases are, at least initially, twofold – cell death and dormancy. Dormant solitary metastatic cells and micrometastases have been proposed to be responsible, at least in part, for treatment failure and recurrence months to decades following initial treatment. Here we review experimental and clinical evidence regarding metastatic dormancy and discuss the implications of dormant cell populations for treatment of metastatic disease.

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Abbreviations

CDK:

cyclin dependent kinase

CDKI:

cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor

CMF:

cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil

CSCs:

cancer stem cells

CTCs:

circulating tumor cells

DTCs:

disseminated tumor cells

FAK:

focal adhesion kinase

MLCK:

myosin light chain kinase

MRI:

magnetic resonance imaging

uPAR:

urokinase plasminogen activator receptor

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Acknowledgements

Supported by grant #42511 from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (to AFC). JLT was supported by a doctoral research award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. AFC is Canada Research Chair in Oncology, and receives salary support from the Canada Research Chairs Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada

    Jason L. Townson

  2. Department of Oncology and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

    Jason L. Townson

  3. London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Office A4-903B, London, ON, Canada, N6A 4L6

    Ann F. Chambers

  4. Department of Oncology and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 4L6

    Ann F. Chambers

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  1. Jason L. Townson
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  2. Ann F. Chambers
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Correspondence to Ann F. Chambers .

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  1. Royal Victoria Hospital, Division of Surgical Research, McGill University Health Centre, Pine Ave W. 687, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Québec, Canada

    Pnina Brodt

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Townson, J.L., Chambers, A.F. (2011). Tumor Dormancy in Liver Metastasis: Clinical and Experimental Evidence and Implications for Treatment. In: Brodt, P. (eds) Liver Metastasis: Biology and Clinical Management. Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment, vol 16. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0292-9_8

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