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Americium

  • Chapter
The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements

Abstract

Americium, element 95, was discovered in 1944–45 by Seaborg et al. (1950) at the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago as a product of the irradiation of plutonium with neutrons:

$${239}{\text{Pu}}\left( {{\text{n}},\gamma} \right)^{{240}} {\text{Pu}}\left( {{\text{n}},\gamma } \right)^{{241}} {\text{Pu }}\xrightarrow{{ - {\beta }^ - }}^{{241}}{\text{Am}}$$

This reaction is still the best method for the production of pure 241Am. In post-World War II work at the University of Chicago, Cunningham isolated Am(OH)3 and measured the first absorption spectrum of the Am3+ aquo ion (Cunningham, 1948). By the 1950s, the major center for americium chemistry research in the world was at Los Alamos. Since the 1970s, the majority of publications on americium have come from researchers in the former USSR and West Germany. Extensive reviews of americium chemistry can be found in Freeman and Keller (1985), Gmelin (1979), Penneman and Asprey (1955), and Schulz (1976).

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  1. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

    Wolfgang H. Runde

  2. Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

    Wallace W. Schulz

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  1. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA

    Lester R. Morss

  2. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA

    Norman M. Edelstein

  3. University of Liège, Berkeley, Liège, Belgium

    Jean Fuger

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Runde, W.H., Schulz, W.W. (2010). Americium. In: Morss, L.R., Edelstein, N.M., Fuger, J. (eds) The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0211-0_8

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