Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to the first paragraph of Article 299 TEC, dealing with the territorial scope of the Treaty, just before entry into force of the corresponding Lisbon Treaty provision. The key developments since 1957 relevant to this paragraph are examined, including Member State accessions, main Treaty amendments including key amendments introduced by the Lisbon Treaty. The only relevant Member State territories falling under this provision are the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla. An overview of these territories is given including their constitutional relationship with Spain and the legal framework governing relations between these territories and the EU.
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Notes
- 1.
With the possible exception of French Clipperton Island and the French Scattered Islands of the Indian Ocean (see in particular Section 10.5 infra).
- 2.
See further Chapter 9 infra on the Outermost Regions.
- 3.
Council Regulation 1911/91 of 26 June 1991 on the application of the provisions of Community law to the Canary Islands, OJL171/1, 29 June 1991.
- 4.
See Annex VII infra, Article 25 Spanish Act of Accession 1985 (Ceuta and Melilla).
- 5.
See Annex VIII infra Protocol No. 2 Spanish Act of Accession 1985 (Ceuta and Melilla).
- 6.
Source: European Commission DG Regional Policy.
- 7.
Ibid.
- 8.
Case 148/77 H. Hansen jun & O.C. Balle GmbH & Co v. Hauptzollamt Flensburg [1978] ECR 1787.
- 9.
For example, Megret 1987.
- 10.
Note for example Article 10 TEC (replaced in substance by Article 4, paragraph 3 TEU), which provides, inter alia, “Member States shall take all appropriate measures…..to ensure fulfilment of the obligations arising out of this Treaty or resulting from actions taken by the institutions of the Community…”.
- 11.
Dewost 1979: Full text in French of phrase : « L’article 227 par.1 du Traité et le droit dériveé, s’applique non seulement sur le territoire des Etats membres, avec ses prolongements aériens, maritimes (mer territoriale) et de sous-sol, mais en outre en tout lieu où les Etats exercent, selon le droit international, certains « droits souverains » même limités. Ceci résulte, non seulement de la lettre même de l’article (qui se réfère aux Etats e non a leurs territoires) mais également de la nature même d’un Traité-cadre qui concerne potentiellement l’ensemble des activités économiques et sociales des Etats. »
- 12.
Written Question No 1007/84, OJ C62/34, 11 March 1985 by John Ford to the Commission: the status of Clipperton Island.
- 13.
Case 14/74 Norddeutsche Vieh- und Fleisch Kontor GmbH v. Hauptzollamt Hamburg-Jonas, [1974] ECR 899.
- 14.
Council Regulation 2913/92 of 12 October 1992 (as amended) establishing the Community Customs Code, OL L302/1, 19 October 1992 . See also in general, European Court of Auditors, Special Report No 2/93 on the customs territory of the Community and related trading arrangements accompanied by the replies of the Commission, OJ C 47/1, 27 December 1993.
- 15.
Declaration 25 on the representation of the interests of the overseas countries and territories referred to in Article 227(3) and (5)(a) and (b) of the Treaty establishing the European Community appended to the Final Act of the Maastricht Treaty, 7 February 1992, OJ C191/103, 29 July 1992.
- 16.
For an analysis of Declaration 25, see Karagiannis 1998.
- 17.
- 18.
For example Karagiannis 1998.
- 19.
For example Ziller 2007.
- 20.
For example Kochenov 2008-9, pp 195-288.
- 21.
Treaty amending with regard to Greenland, the Treaties establishing the European Communities OJ L29 1 February 1985.
- 22.
Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, OJ C306 17 December 2007.
- 23.
Interview by author with EU Council Legal Service.
- 24.
Ibid
- 25.
As amended by Article 17, Act of Accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the EU, OJ L157/209 21 June 2005.
- 26.
As amended by the Cyprus Act of Accession, OJ L236, 23 September 2003.
References
Dewost J L (1979) L’Application Territoriale du Droit Communautaire: disparition et resurgence de la notion de frontière, Société Franςaise pour le Droit International, Colloque de Poitiers
Karagiannis S (1998) A propos du règlement des conflits d’intérêts entre les territoires dépendants d’Etats members et les Communautés européennes 75 Revue du Droit Internationale et de Droit Comparé at 340
Kochenov D (2008–9) Substantive and Procedural issues in the application of European law in the overseas possessions of European Union Member States, 17 Michigan State Journal of International Law 2, pp 195–288
Megret J (1987) Le Droit de la Communauté Economique Européene, Editions de L’Université de Bruxelles, 1987, page 484
Rigaux A (1995) Territoire communautaire: Rép. Communautaire, Dalloz
Ziller J (2007) The European Union and the Territorial Scope of the European Territories, 38 Vict. U. Wellington L. Rev 51
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Murray, F. (2012). Article 299(1): Territorial Scope of the TEC (as Compared with 1957 Version). In: The European Union and Member State Territories: A New Legal Framework Under the EU Treaties. T.M.C. Asser Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-826-2_8
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