Abstract
Three different, state-of-the-art biogeochemical models are adapted in order to quantify the carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) exchanges between arable lands and the atmosphere. Biome-BGC and MOD17 are validated using the long-term measurement results from Hegyhátsál tall tower site (Western Hungary). After a simple bias correction, it was found that Biome-BGC is capable to describe the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of Hungarian arable lands. The model is used to estimate the net primary production (NPP) and the net biome production (NBP) in the vicinity of the tall tower for the period of 1997–2008. The validation of MOD17 shows that the model is suitable to describe the gross primary production (GPP) of arable lands, although the model has limitations in years with higher precipitation amount. Introducing a new method MOD17 is downscaled to 250 m resolution, which is close to the size of agricultural parcels in the region. The downscaling helps us to better understand the biogeochemical processes of individual parcels with different crop cultivars. The DNDC model is parameterized using country-specific fertilizer input and climate data to provide estimates of the N2O and CH4 emissions for different crop cultivars. Sensitivity analysis was performed to find the most important parameters needed for accurate emission estimation. The results show that N2O emission is highly variable for the different crop types, and it has significant contribution to the GHG balance of arable lands. Methane has bidirectional fluxes and arable lands were generally net sinks of CH4 in the study period (2002–2004).
Keywords
- Biogeochemical models
- greenhouse gases
- net ecosystem exchange
- net primary production
- nitrification/denitrification
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Acknowledgments
Biome-BGC version 4.1.1 was provided by the Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG) at the University of Montana. NTSG assumes no responsibility for the proper use of Biome-BGC by others. We are very grateful to Maosheng Zhao (NTSG) for providing us the official MOD17 product, the version 5.1 model parameters and the GMAO meteorological database. We are also very grateful to Attila Bakler (owner of a field close to the Hegyhátsál tower) for providing us information about the applied management practices. We thank Márta Birkás (Institute of Crop Production, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary) for the invaluable help regarding the country-specific allocation data and the information about the fate of agricultural residues in Hungary. This research was supported by SEE-GRID-SCI (SEE-GRID eInfrastructure for regional eScience) project, funded by the European Commission through the contract nr RI-211338. The DNDC model calculations were supported by the NitroEurope Integrated Project of the European Commission’s 6th R&D Framework Program and by the GVOP AKF 3.1.1. 2004–2005 0358/3.0 research projects. This research was partly supported by the Hungarian State Eötvös Fellowship.
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Grosz, B. et al. (2011). Arable Lands. In: Haszpra, L. (eds) Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases: The Hungarian Perspective. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9950-1_12
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