Abstract
Floods cause significant damages not only on, but also beneath the earth’s surface. Infiltration of surface water into deeper soil, flooding of the urban sewer system and, in consequence, rising groundwater levels are main causes of subsurface damages. There are various reasons for high groundwater levels during and after flood events. Two different processes can be specified. The direct infiltration of surface water into the aquifer during a flood is the most important process. However the inflow of surface runoff into sewer systems and subsequently from the sewer system into the groundwater aquifer is another, more indirect cause for groundwater rise. Here a coupled modelling of flood scenarios with recently developed software was applied, which combines individual modules under consideration of different model geometries, time synchronization and data exchanges. The coupled model was applied for the City of Dresden (Germany). It allows a comprehensive description of the impact of floods on groundwater. As a result of this study it became obvious that surface flooding is the dominating process for flood damages in the study region. Nevertheless are risk assessments for rising groundwater levels essential for subterranean infrastructure and buildings. Maps of subsurface flood hazard are helpful for urban planning in flood endangered regions. Measures to mitigate damages can be applied gradually accordingly to the state of risk.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Beyer K-D (2003) Erhalt der Gebäudesicherheit – Sofortmaßnahmen und Dauerlösung Beispiel St.-Benno Gymnasium Dresden. In: LH DD and DGFZ (2003): Hochwassernachsorge Grundwasser Dresden. Tagungsband zum Statusseminar am 08.10.2003, pp 63–68
BMBF (2008) Development of a 3-Zone-model for the groundwater management and the infrastructure management after extreme flood events in urban areas (“3ZM-GRIMEX”) (Final report – in German). Proj. Number: 02WH0557 (URL http://edok01.tib.uni-hannover.de/edoks/e01fb09/594029457.pdf Last access: 2009-07-13)
BWG (2001) Hochwasserschutz an Fließgewässern. Wegleitung des Bundesamtes für Wasser und Geologie, Bern
Ettrich N (2003) Surface-sewer coupling and detailed elevation models for accurate urban drainage modelling. Proceedings Cost Session AquaTerra Conference: special aspects of urban flood management Institut für Wasserbau, TU Hamburg-Harburg, pp 183–195
Eulitz K (2008) Grundwasser. In: BMBF (2008) Development of a 3-Zone-model for the groundwater management and the infrastructure management after extreme flood events in urban areas (“3ZM-GRIMEX”) (Final report – in German), pp 156–159
Fuchs L, Scheffer C, Verworn H-R (2004) Model description of Hystem-Extran 6. (in German) Institut für technisch wissenschaftliche Hydrologie GmbH (ITWH), Hannover
Fulford J M (2003) Computational technique and performance of transient inundation model for rivers – 2 Dimensional, Report, USGS, Open-File Report No. 03-371
Huber G, Hiller G, Braune, A. (2003) Concepts of flood control measures for the buildings of free state saxony in the historical town of Dresden (in German). In: Flood-aftertreatment groundwater. Proceedings of the Status Workshop 8 October 2003, Dresden, pp 57–61
IKSR (2002) Hochwasservorsorge – Maßnahmen und ihre Wirksamkeit. Internationale Kommission zum Schutz des Rheins (IKSR) 2002 (ISBN 3-935324-44-8)
Karpf C (2008) Ergebnisse des Kanalnetzmodells. In: BMBF (2008) Development of a 3-Zone-model for the groundwater management and the infrastructure management after extreme flood events in urban areas (“3ZM-GRIMEX”)(Final report – in German), pp 130–142
Karpf C, Krebs P (2004) Sewers as drainage systems – quantification of ground-water infiltration. Proceedings 5th international conference NOVATECH, Lyon, pp 969–976
Kreibich H, Thieken AH (2008) Coping with floods in the city of Dresden, Germany. Nat Hazards. doi 10.1007/s11069-007-9200-8, Nat Hazards 51:423–436
Kreibich H, Thieken AH, Grunenberg H, Ullrich K, Sommer T (2009) Extent, perception and mitigation of damage due to high groundwater levels in the city of Dresden, Germany. Nat Hazards Earth Syst 9:1247–1258
Kreibich H, Thieken AH, Petrow T, Merz B (2006) Flood loss reduction of private households due to building precautionary measures – lessons learned from the Elbe flood in August 2002. Nat Hazards Earth Syst 5:117–126
Marre D, Walther W, Ullrich, K (2005) Influence of the flood 2002 on groundwater chemistry in Dresden, Germany (in German). Grundwasser 10:146–156
Merz B (2006) Hochwasserrisiken. Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der Risikoabschätzung. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart
Peetz JV (2008) Kopplungssoftware MpCCI, Kopplungsgrößen und räumliche Kopplung, In: BMBF (2008) Development of a 3-Zone-model for the groundwater management and the infrastructure management after extreme flood events in urban areas (“3ZM-GRIMEX”) (Final report – in German), pp 95–99
Peetz JV, Steckel B, Sommer Th, Eulitz K, Ettrich N, Müller M (2007) 3-Code coupling in flood simulation. Proceedings MpCCI 8th User Forum, Bonn, 13–14 February, pp 108–117 (URL: http://www.mpcci.de/fileadmin/mpcci/Userforum/MpCCI_8th_UserForum.pdf Last access: 2009-07-17)
Sames D, Boy S, Brückner F (2005) PCGEOFIM, programsystem for computation of GEOFIltration and GeoMigration, unpublished, 2005 (in German)
Schanze J (2007) A conceptual framework for flood risk management research. In: Schanze J (ed) Flood risk management research. From extreme events to citizens involvement. Proceedings European Symposium on flood risk management research (EFRM 2007), 6–7th February, Dresden, pp 1–10
Sommer T, Ullrich K (2005) Influence of the flood 2002 on groundwater. Research Report (in German). Capital Dresden, office for environment, Dresden, 68 p (ISBN 3-00-016634-9) (URL: http://www.dresden.de/media/pdf/umwelt/gw_forschungsbericht.pdf Last access: 2009-07-17)
Sommer T, Karpf C, Ettrich N, Haase D, Weichel T, Peetz JV, Steckel B, Eulitz K, Ullrich K (2009) Coupled modelling of subsurface water flux for an integrated flood risk management. Nat Hazard Earth Sys 9:1277–1290
Thieken AH, Kreibich H, Müller M, Merz B. (2007) Coping with floods: a survey among private households affected by the August 2002 flood in Germany. Hydrol Sci J 52:1016–1037
Ubell K (1987a) Austauschvorgänge zwischen Fluß- und Grundwasser (Teil I) Deutsche Gewässerkundliche Mitteilungen 31:119–125
Ubell K (1987b) Austauschvorgänge zwischen Fluß- und Grundwasser (Teil II) Deutsche Gewässerkundliche Mitteilungen 31:142–148
Acknowledgements
The results are based on research projects “Impact of the August-2002-Flood on the Groundwater Body in the Area of Dresden City – Solutions and Activity Recommendations” (Proj. No. 0330493), “Development of a 3-Zone-Model for the Groundwater Management and the Infrastructure Management after Extreme Flood Events in Urban Areas (3ZM-GRIMEX)” (Proj. No. 02WH0557) as well as “MULTISURE” (Proj. No. 0330755) – sponsored by Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sommer, T. (2011). Groundwater – The Subterranean Part of Flood Risk. In: Schumann, A. (eds) Flood Risk Assessment and Management. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9917-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9917-4_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-9916-7
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-9917-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)