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Primary Cilia are Mechanosensory Organelles in Vestibular Tissues

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Mechanosensitivity and Mechanotransduction

Part of the book series: Mechanosensitivity in Cells and Tissues ((MECT,volume 4))

Abstract

Primary cilia have been observed for over a century, but their sensory roles have only been revealed within the past decade. In this chapter, we will describe cilia as newly recognized mechanosensory organelles. Cilia can sense bodily fluid movement in all vestibular organs. These include nodal flow in Hensen’s node, urine in the renal nephron, bile in the hepatic biliary system, digestive fluid in the pancreatic duct, dentin in dental pulp, lacunocanalicular fluid in bone and cartilage, and blood in vasculature. To exert their sensory functions, cilia require both structural and functional proteins. Cells without ciliary function or structure are unable to sense fluid-shear stress, but their sensitivity toward other mechanical or pharmacological stimuli remains intact. The functional machineries found in the cilia include mechanosensory polycystin-1, mechano-calcium channel polycystin-2, and other interacting proteins. The roles of cilia as fluid sensors in Hensen’s node as well as in the kidney, liver, pancreas, bone, and cardiovascular system will be discussed.

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Acknowledgement

Due to restricted space, we apologize to those whose work is not described in this review. Authors are grateful for stimulating discussion about primary cilia given by research assistants, graduates, undergraduates and pharmacy students in our laboratory. Authors thank Drs. Robert Kolb, Stefan Somlo, Bradley Yoder, and Jing Zhou for valuable insights and use of their laboratory reagents. Authors also thank Charisse Montgomery for her editorial review of the manuscript. Work from our laboratory that is cited in this review has been supported by grants from the NIH (DK080640), AHA (0630257 N), and University of Toledo research programs, including deArce Memorial Endowment Fund. A. M. Nauli is supported by AHA (0825195F).

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  1. Department of Pharmacology MS 1015, The University of Toledo; Health Science Campus, HEB 274; 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, USA

    Surya M. Nauli, Hanan S. Haymour, Wissam A. Aboualaiwi & Shao T. Lo

  2. Department of Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University College of Public Health, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA

    Andromeda M. Nauli

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  1. Chemical Department, Moscow State University, Vorobiovy Gory MSU, Moscow, 119899, Russian Federation

    Andre Kamkin

  2. , Department of Fundamental and Applied Ph, Russian State Medical University, Ostrovitjanova Str. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation

    Irina Kiseleva

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Nauli, S.M., Haymour, H.S., Aboualaiwi, W.A., Lo, S.T., Nauli, A.M. (2010). Primary Cilia are Mechanosensory Organelles in Vestibular Tissues. In: Kamkin, A., Kiseleva, I. (eds) Mechanosensitivity and Mechanotransduction. Mechanosensitivity in Cells and Tissues, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9881-8_14

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