Skip to main content

The Modelling Process

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Modelling Written Communication

Part of the book series: Methodos Series ((METH,volume 8))

  • 631 Accesses

Abstract

As this volume is on the application of a modelling process which is suggested as an exemplar of systems modelling in the social sciences, this chapter is a crucial one in understanding the process. Although the critical realist orientation was congruent with the author’s everyday thinking, it did not suggest a suitable research procedure to fit the intended purpose. Bhaskar has been criticised for being somewhat vague about the precise details of a critical realist investigative methodology, but he saw it as the work of the specialist in the field to find a modus operandi suited to that particular discipline. Robert Franck’s work on modelling (The explanatory power of models: bridging the gap between empirical and theoretical research in the social sciences, 2002) dovetailed with Bhaskar’s philosophy, and offered a much more precise definition of the term “mechanism”. Franck’s work also provided a generic description of the modelling process; even more remarkable was that it described the process actually followed by the author for over 18 years in investigating composing processes. She could then retrospectively “wrap up” the modelling process in formal investigative terms. Franck’s method is shown to be an elegant example of classical induction, balancing a formal model of functions against the practical description of a process, verifying the former against the latter, and the latter against real world functioning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Allmendinger, P. (2002) Planning theory. New York, NY: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Archer, M.S. (1998) Introduction: realism in the social sciences. In M.S. Archer et al. (eds.) Critical realism: essential readings. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baëhr, P. (1990) Review article: critical realism, cautionary realism. Sociological Review 38(4):765–778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhaskar, R. (1978) A realist theory of science. Hassocks: Harvester Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhaskar, R. (1979) The possibility of naturalism: a philosophical critique of the contemporary human sciences. Brighton: Harvester Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bunge, M. (1997) Mechanism and explanation. Philosophy of the Social Sciences 27(4):410–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cockburn, A. & Dale, T. (1997) CEVA: a tool for collaborative video analysis. In S.C. Payne & W. Prinz (eds.) Proceedings of the International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work 1997. Phoenix, AZ, USA, 11–19 November 1997:47–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekstrom, M. (1992) Causal explanation of social action: the contribution of Max Weber and of critical realism to a generative view of causal explanation in social science. Acta Sociologica: Journal of the Scandinavian Sociological Association 35:107–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairclough, N., Jessop, B. & Sayer, A. (2001) Critical realism and semiosis. Paper presented at the 5th Annual IACR Conference. Roskilde University, Denmark, 17–19 August 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farley, F.H. (1982) The future of educational research. Educational Researcher 11(8):11–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franck, R. (2002) The explanatory power of models: bridging the gap between empirical and theoretical research in the social sciences. Methodos Series, Vol. 1. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furneaux, C. (1998) Process writing. In K. Johnson & H. Johnson (eds.) Encylopedic dictionary of applied linguistics (pp. 257–260). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutteridge, R. (2006) The myth of panacea: a critical realist exploration of blended course delivery. Proceedings of NADEOSA 10th Anniversary Conference. Pretoria, 23–24 August 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson, G.M. (2003) The problem of agency in critical realism. http://www.herts.ac.uk/business/esst/Staff/g-hodgson/hodgson.html (15 January 2004).

  • Jones, C.S. (1982) Composing in a second language: a process study. Paper presented at the 16th Annual TESOL Convention. Honolulu, May 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judd, D. (2003) Critical realism and composition theory. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judge, D., Stoker, G. & Wolman, H. (1995) Theories of urban politics. London: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macleod, M. & Rengger, R. (1993) The development of DRUM: a software tool for video-assisted usability evaluation. In Proceedings of HCI 93. http://www.usabilitynet.org/papers/drum93.pdf (3 January 2006).

  • Mahoney, J. (2003) Tentative answers to questions about causal mechanisms. Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Political Science Association. Philadelphia, PA, 28 August 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsuhashi, A. (1982) Explorations in the real-time production of written discourse. In N. Nystrand (ed.) What writers know: the language, process, and structure of written discourse. New York, NY: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meehan, E.J. (1968) Explanation in social science: a system paradigm. Homewood, IL: The Dorsey Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peeters, D. (2002) On modelling in human geography. In R. Franck (ed.) The explanatory power of models: bridging the gap between empirical and theoretical research in the social sciences. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pianko, S. (1979) A description of the composing processes of college freshman writers. Research in the Teaching of English 13(1):5–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, D.D. (1987) A process approach: the formulation of a simplified conceptual framework showing the stages of the writing process, and an investigation into the effects on writing behaviour of communicating this framework directly to the learner. Unpublished masters dissertation, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, D.D. (1988) A process approach to writing. In M.J. Marwick (ed.) High School Ideas for ENGM July 1988 (pp. 142–148). Natal Education Department: Language and Publications Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, D.D. (2005a) Social mechanism and software design: the use of a stochastic social-process algorithm in the design of a writing tutor program. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and its Applications (ICCSA-2005). San Diego, CA, USA, 27–30 June 2005:249–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, D.D. (2005b) Modelling writing as the basis for a writing tutor computer program. Proceedings of the Ed-Media World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications. Montreal, Canada, 27 June–2 July 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, D.D. (2005c) An analysis of the design features of three mixed-mode courses in a master’s degree programme. Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET 2005). Alberta, Canada, 4–6 July 2005:135–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, D.D. (2007a) No middle ground, but many mansions: design features of effective mixed mode courses. SAJHE 21(6) Special Edition NADEOSA 2006:705–720.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, D.D. (2008) The use of ICT for research development in the Humanities at a multicultural University of Technology. Proceedings of NADEOSA 2008 Conference. University of Pretoria, Groenkloof Campus, 18–19 August 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, D.D. (2009a) Composition theory in practice: piloting a mixed mode writing clinic at the Durban University of Technology. International Journal of Learning 16(1):169–184. http://ijl.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.30/prod. 2002.

  • Pratt, D.D. (2009b) A systems approach to the teaching/research nexus. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Education and Information Systems, Technologies and Applications (EISTA 2009). Orlando, FL, USA, 10–13 July 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raimes, A. (1985) What unskilled ESL students do as they write: a classroom study of composing. TESOL Quarterly 19(2):229–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanghera, B. (2004) Critical Realism, http://uk.geocities.com/balihar_sanghera/carcrealism.html (2 October 2006).

  • Sayer, R.A. (1992) Method in social science: a realist approach. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spack, R. (1984) Invention strategies and the ESL college composition student. TESOL Quarterly 18(4):649–670.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1994) Grounded theory methodology: an overview. In N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln (eds.) Handbook of qualitative research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wad, P. (2001) Critical realism and comparative sociology. Paper presented at the 5th IACR Conference. RUC. 17–19 August.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, M.J. (2003) Human performance model validation: one size does not fit all. http://www.scs.org/scsarchive/getDoc.cfm?id=2367 (13 August 2004).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Deirdre Pratt .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pratt, D. (2010). The Modelling Process. In: Modelling Written Communication. Methodos Series, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9843-6_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics