Skip to main content

Beyond Gap Gazing: How Can Thinking About Education Comprehensively Help Us (Re)envision Mathematics Education?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Mapping Equity and Quality in Mathematics Education

Abstract

One cannot talk about equity these days without being politically correct. In fact, in the United States, “equity” has become an empty signifier manipulated in/through discourse (Dixon-Román, in press). For example, although many use “the achievement gap” as an important call for school accountability around needed resources and additional support for marginalized students, (e.g., Education Trust 2005), such discourse has done little more than replace “the culture of poverty” in the latest of deficit frameworks. That is, while equity issues are becoming more mainstream in the mathematics education community, theoretical framings continue to reflect equality rather than justice, static identities of teachers and students rather than multiple, fluid, or contradictory ones (Gutiérrez 2002, 2007; Martin 2009) and schooling rather than education. Whenever words like “quality,” “democracy,” and “equity” are used, we must first unpack what these terms mean and then examine who benefits from the definitions employed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    We use the @ sign to indicate both an “a” and “o” ending (Latina and Latino). The presence of both an “a” and “o” ending decenters the patriarchal nature of the Spanish language where is it customary for groups of males (Latinos) and females (Latinas) to be written in the form that denotes only males (Latinos). The term is written Latin@ with the “a” and “o” intertwined, as opposed to Latina/Latino, as a sign of solidarity with individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning and queer (LGBTQ).

References

  • Ascher, M. (2002). Mathematics elsewhere: An exploration of ideas across cultures. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of “sex”. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, O. R., Skovsmose, O., & Yasukawa, K. (2008). The mathematical state of the world: Explorations in the characteristics of mathematical descriptions. Alexandria: Revista de Educacao em Ciencia e Tecnologia, 1(1), 77–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning. (1999). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. Washington: National Academies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cremin, L. (2007/1975). Public education and the education of the public. Teachers College Record, 109(7), 1545–1558.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Ambrosio, U. (2006). Ethnomathematics: Link between traditions and modernity. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, P. J. (1994). Mathematics and art: Cold calipers against warm flesh? In P. Ernest (Ed.) Mathematics education and philosophy: An international perspective (pp. 164–183). Bristol, PA: Taylor and Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon-Román, E. (2009). Deviance as pedagogy: A critical perspective on indigenous cultural capital. A paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association. San Diego.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon-Román, E. (2010). Inheritance and an economy of difference: The importance of supplementary education. In L. Lin, E. W. Gordon & H. Varenne (Eds.), Educating comprehensively: Varieties of educational experiences: Vol. 3. Perspectives on comprehensive education series. Lewiston: The Edwin Mellen Press (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • FitzSimons, G. E. (2002). What counts as mathematics? Technologies of power in adult and vocational education. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • FitzSimons, G. E., & Godden, G. L. (2000). Review of research on adults learning mathematics. In D. Coben, J. O’Donoghue & G. E. FitzSimons (Eds.), Perspectives on adults learning mathematics: Research and practice (pp. 13–45). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flores, A. (2007). Examining disparities in mathematics education: Achievement gap or opportunity gap? The High School Journal, 91(1), 29–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972–1977. New York: The Harvester Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankenstein, M., & Powell, A. B. (1994). Toward liberatory mathematics: Paulo Freire’s epistemology and ethnomathematics. In P. McLaren & C. Lankshear (Eds.), Politics of liberation: Paths from freire (pp. 74–99). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garfinkel, H. (2002). Ethnomethodology’s program: Working out Durkheim’s aphorism. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, E. W., Bridglall, B. L., & Meroe, A. S. (2005). Supplementary education: The hidden curriculum of high academic achievement. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez, R. (2000). Is the multiculturalization of mathematics doing us more harm than good? In R. Mahalingam & C. McCarthy (Eds.), Multicultural curriculum: New directions for social theory, practice, and policy (pp. 199–219). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez, R. (2002). Enabling the practice of mathematics teachers in context: Towards a new equity research agenda. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 4(2 & 3), 145–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez, R. (2007). (Re)defining equity: The importance of a critical perspective. In N. Nasir & P. Cobb (Eds.), Diversity, equity, and access to mathematical ideas (pp. 37–50). New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez, R. (2008). A “gap gazing” fetish in mathematics education? Problematizing research on the achievement gap. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 39(4), 357–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez, R. (2010). The sociopolitical turn in mathematics education. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilliard, A. G. (2003). No mystery: Closing the achievement gap between Africans and excellence. In T. Perry, C. Steele & A. G. Hilliard (Eds.), Young, gifted, and black: Promoting high achievement among African-American students (pp. 131–166). Boston: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurzweil, J. (2003). Redefining excellence. SACNAS News, 5(2), 1–2, 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ladson-Billings, G. (2006). From the achievement gap to the education debt: Understanding achievement in U.S. schools. Educational Researcher, 35(7), 3–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C. D. (2008). The centrality of culture to the scientific study of learning and development: How an ecological framework in education research facilitates civic responsibility. Educational Researcher, 37(5), 267–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, D. (2007). Mathematics learning and participation in African American context: The co-construction of identity in two intersecting realms of experience. In N. Nasir & P. Cobb (Eds.), Diversity, equity, and access to mathematical ideas (pp. 146–158). New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, D. (2009). Researching race in mathematics education. Teachers College Record, 111(2), 295–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGee, E. (2009). A model of mathematical resilience: Black college students negotiating success in mathematics and engineering. A paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association. San Diego.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miranda, F. O. (2008). Ethnomathematics and critical mathematics: Exploring the meaning for everyday teachers. Unpublished master’s thesis, Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nasir, N. S. (2000). Points ain’t everything: Emergent goals and average and percent understanding in the play of basketball among African American students. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 31(3), 283–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nasir, N. S., Hand, V., & Taylor, E. (2008). Culture and mathematics in school: Boundaries between “cultural” and “domain” knowledge in the mathematics classroom and beyond. Review of Research in Education, 32, 187–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nuñes, T., Carraher, D. W., & Schliemann, A. D. (1985). Mathematics in the streets and in the school. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 3, 21–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saxe, G. B., & Esmonde, I. (2005). Studying cognition in flux: A historical treatment of fu in the shifting structure of Oksapmin mathematics. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 12(3 & 4), 171–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skovsmose, O. (2004). Mathematics in action. Philosophy of Mathematics Education Journal, 15. http://people.exeter.ac.uk/PErnest/pome18/contents.htm. Accessed 20 July 2009.

  • Skovsmose, O. (2005). Traveling through education: Uncertainty, mathematics, and responsibility. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skovsmose, O., & Yasukawa, K. (2004). Formatting power of ‘mathematics in a package:’ a challenge for social theorising? Philosophy of Mathematics Education Journal, 15. http://people.exeter.ac.uk/PErnest/pome18/contents.htm. Accessed 20 July 2009.

  • Stinson, D. W. (2008). Negotiating sociocultural discourses: The counter-storytelling of academically (and mathematically) successful African American male students. American Educational Research Journal, 45(4), 975–1010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valdés, G. (1996). Con respeto: Bridging the distances between culturally diverse families and schools: An ethnographic portrait. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varenne, H. (2007). Difficult collective deliberations: Anthropological notes toward a theory of education. Teachers College Record, 109(7), 1559–1588.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varenne, H. (2008). Culture, education, anthropology. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 39(4), 356–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varenne, H. (2009). Educating ourselves about education—comprehensively. In H. Varenne, E. W. Gordon & L. Lin (Eds.), Theoretical perspectives on comprehensive education: The way forward: Vol. 2. Perspectives on comprehensive education series. Lewiston: The Edwin Mellen Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varenne, H., Gordon, E. W., & Lin, L. (2009). Theoretical perspectives on comprehensive education: The way forward: Vol. 2. Perspectives on comprehensive education series. Lewiston: The Edwin Mellen Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walshaw, M. (2007). Working with Foucault in education. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiliam, D. (2003). Constructing difference: Assessment in mathematics education. In L. Burton (Ed.), Which way social justice in mathematics education? (pp. 189–207). Westport: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiliam, D., Bartholomew, H., & Reay, D. (2002). Assessment, learning, and identity. In R. Zevenbergen & P. Valero (Eds.), Researching sociopolitical dimensions of mathematics education: Issues of power in theory and methodology (pp. 43–62). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, I. M. (1990). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rochelle Gutiérrez .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gutiérrez, R., Dixon-Román, E. (2010). Beyond Gap Gazing: How Can Thinking About Education Comprehensively Help Us (Re)envision Mathematics Education?. In: Atweh, B., Graven, M., Secada, W., Valero, P. (eds) Mapping Equity and Quality in Mathematics Education. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9803-0_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics