Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of recent biotechnology developments in ten CEE countries which joined the EU in 2004 and 2007. The overview covers the period 2002–2005 and considers these countries’ performance in biotechnology as well as their policies and funding for biotechnology research and commercialisation. The chapter presents data and indicators of biotechnology performance, the arrangements for policy-making, the funding of biotechnology research and a discussion of the policy characteristics likely to support the development of biotechnology S&T systems. Findings show that countries are developing capabilities in biotechnology which contributes to a competence to absorb and utilise the knowledge that is being created in the rest of the world. There is a trend to focus on research related to pharmaceutical biotechnology and its applications. However, this strategy has limited potential to support economic growth in countries which lack a strong pharmaceutical sector. The study concludes that CEE countries are more likely to gain economic benefits from their biotechnology research by identifying and supporting several areas of biotechnology research relevant to strong economic sectors within their countries
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Notes
- 1.
This section provides a brief outline of the methodology. Complete details are available in Enzing et al. (2007).
- 2.
The definition was based on the conceptual definition and list of technologies used by the OECD, but added a third part: a list of application areas.
- 3.
Data on the performance of other European countries is provided in Enzing et al. (2007).
- 4.
Slovakia is in Cluster 2 because it failed to sustain and increase its early publications output over time.
- 5.
The number of coordinators has not been adjusted to national population (pMC) because absolute numbers were very small.
- 6.
Ernst & Young reports.
- 7.
More than one estimate existed for some countries and sometimes the figures differed enormously. We have used the lower estimate in each case.
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Acknowledgements
This chapter is based on a presentation prepared for The Promises and Challenges of the Life Sciences Industry in Central and Eastern Europe Workshop organised by INNOGEN, OSI and PASOS, and held in Prague, 18–19 October, 2007. The authors are grateful for support from the EC’s FP6 Food Quality and Safety programme, which funded the BioPolis project through contract No. 514174. They are also grateful to their collaborators in the project: Annelieke van der Giessen and Sander van der Molen, TNO-Innovation Policy Group, Delft, The Netherlands; Ralf Lindner and Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Fraunhofer Institute Systems and Innovation Research, Karlsruhe, Germany (Iciar Dominguez Lacasa is now at the Halle Institute for Economic Research, Germany); and Ismael Rafols, Pablo D’Este Cukierman and Janaina Costa, SPRU, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom. They appreciate both their work in preparing the national reports for the ten CEE countries on which this chapter is based as well as for their contributions to the ideas and the analysis presented in this chapter.
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Senker, J., Enzing, C., Reiss, T. (2012). Biotechnology in Central and Eastern Europe: An Overview of Performance and Policy Systems. In: Robbins, P., Huzair, F. (eds) Exploring Central and Eastern Europe’s Biotechnology Landscape. The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9784-2_2
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