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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Activated Protein Kinases and Metastasis

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Signal Transduction in Cancer Metastasis

Part of the book series: Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment ((CMBT,volume 15))

Abstract

Cancer is characterized by cells that disobey the stringent control mechanisms of cellular processes such as division and growth, survival, homeostasis, motility, and tissue invasion. Signalling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways, regulate these cellular processes. Not unexpectedly, cancer cells display defects in signalling pathways due to mutations in genes encoding signal transduction proteins. The typical MAPK pathways transmit, amplify and translate signals through consecutive phosphorylation events engaging a MAPK kinase kinase, a MAPK kinase, and a MAPK, which finally phosphorylates substrates. These substrates can be non-protein kinases or protein kinases. The latter are referred to as MAPK-activating protein kinases. Escalating evidence exists that the MAPK signal transduction pathways can be implicated in metastasis. This review focuses on the specific roles of MAPK-activating protein kinases in metastasis and summarizes potential small inhibitors against MAPK-activating protein kinases that may find their way in cancer therapy.

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Abbreviations

AMPK:

AMP-activated protein kinase

BRSK2:

brain-specific kinase 2

CaMKK:

calmodulin-dependent kinase

CHK2:

checkpoint kinase 2

CK:

casein kinase

DYRK:

dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase

EPCG:

Epigallocatechin gallate

ERK8:

extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 8

GSK3β:

glycogen synthase kinase 3β

HIPK:

homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2

IKK:

IkappaB kinase

LCK:

lymphocyte cell-specific protein tyrosine kinase

MARK3:

microtubule-affinity-regulating kinase

MELK:

maternal embryonic leucine-kinase

MST2:

mammalian homologue Ste20-like kinase 2

PDK1:

3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase

PHK:

phosphorylase kinase

PIM:

provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukaemia virus

PKA:

protein kinase A/cAMP-dependent protein kinase

PKBα:

protein kinase B isoform α

PKCα:

protein kinase C isoform α

PRK2:

protein kinase C-related kinase 2

ROCK-II:

Rho-dependent kinase II

SGK1:

serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1

Src:

sarcoma kinase

SRPK1:

serine-arginine protein kinase 1

S6K1:

p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway

    Alexey Shiryaev & Ugo Moens

  2. Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway

    Marijke Van Ghelue

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  1. Alexey Shiryaev
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  2. Marijke Van Ghelue
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  1. Tzu-Chi University, College of Medicine, Institute of medical biotechnology, Chung-Yang Rd, Sec 3 701, Hualien, 970, Taiwan R.O.C.

    Wen-Sheng Wu

  2. Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Research Center for Hepatology, Chung-Yang Rd, Sec 3 707, Hualien, 970, Taiwan R.O.C.

    Chi-Tan Hu

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Shiryaev, A., Van Ghelue, M., Moens, U. (2010). Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Activated Protein Kinases and Metastasis. In: Wu, WS., Hu, CT. (eds) Signal Transduction in Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment, vol 15. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9522-0_4

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